The particular status of children as human beings who need special protection and nurturing is recognised in documents such as the
African Charter of the Rights and Welfare of the Child
and the ethical codes of relevant professional organisations.
Ethical codes and the values which they reflect can guide the work of caregivers and help them when they are making difficult decisions.
Considerations such as culture and gender are part of the context within which those decisions are made.
Caregivers working with children and youth have an ethical responsibility to work in ways that put the children’s interests first. In order to be able to do this, caregivers must have a high level of self-awareness so they can recognise their own needs, values, and beliefs and see how these could affect the relationship with the child.
This unit contains six lessons. The first discusses the needs and rights of children, including the African Charter on the Rights and Welfare of the
Child. Lesson Two deals with the ethics of counselling. Lessons Three and Four talk about the roles of culture and gender in counselling.
Lessons Five and Six are about increasing your self-awareness and resolving ethical dilemmas.2
Objectives Counselling for Caregivers
Objectives
By the end of this unit you should be able to:
1. Explain why children hold a special position in society and discuss their particular rights and needs.
2. List ethical values associated with counselling children.
3. Discuss the impact of culture and gender in counselling.
4. Explain the role of the caregiver’s values and attitudes in counselling. 5. Identify some of your own deeply held beliefs and values and describe how they might influence a counselling situation.3
The Needs and Rights of Children
The experiences children have in their early years determine to a very great extent the persons they will grow up to be. These are the years when they are developing physically, emotionally, socially, and intellectually, so it is very important that they have the proper nutrition, stimulation, and emotional support. These are, of course, the years when they are the most vulnerable; they are unable to provide for themselves and need the care of adults and the protection of society. As human beings, we all have a moral obligation to children. As well, the special needs and rights of children are outlined in documents such as the
United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (UNCRC), the African
Charter on the Rights and Welfare of the Child, and the laws in your country that address children (Kenya, for example, has a Children’s Act).