Preview

Attachment Theory Based On Alex And Lucy

Better Essays
Open Document
Open Document
1585 Words
Grammar
Grammar
Plagiarism
Plagiarism
Writing
Writing
Score
Score
Attachment Theory Based On Alex And Lucy
depending on the operant conditioning, when natural behaviour is performed, the reinforcements can increase the possibility that the same behaviour will happenName: Amreen Akhtar
Student Number: 000693S
Attachment Theory Based On Alex And Lucy
The attachment over time between an infant and their primary caregiver is an emotional bond that creates a strong connection. This means that, Babies at birth are physically dependent on the adults who feed, care and protect them. By the way, child is considered infant under the age of 4 years. Bowlby was the first to determine the importance of this connection between a baby and a mother but that does not mean that the attachment cannot be with someone else. Attachment is seen as a long-term benefit
…show more content…
It is one of the major perspectives in psychology that involves studying the brain, immune system, nervous system, and genetics. Therefore, this is why some people would have brown, blue, black eyes and other physical characteristics such as hair colour, hair type, skin types and height. Sometimes people can inherit certain diseases, such as Huntington's disease or cystic fibrosis (just to name a few) if they have the defective genes. Even some behaviours can be passed down and amended over time, mentioned in Charles’ Darwin’s theory of natural selection in 1859. Therefore, nurture factors like environment as well as their childhood experiences, regardless of their upbringing, social relationships and surrounding culture. In the past, the psychologist has often adopted a one-sided approach to the debate ‘relative to nature versus nurture’ when it came to biological and behaviourism. For example, biological psychology tended to emphasize the importance of genetics and biological influences of nature. On the other hand, behaviourism psychologist argued that it was the impact of the environment on which he or she was nurtured that influenced the behaviour of the …show more content…
When this does not happen, a negative result of the development of the child results in a decrease in the intelligence of children. Therefore this leads to depression, aggression, delinquency and psychopathy and no affection. The critical period is the first years of life during the development of the language, between 2 and 5 years old. The attachment styles he found were safe attachment, anxious-avoidant attachment of insecurity, insecure (ambivalent) attachment resistant to anxiety, and disorganized / disoriented attachment. These attachment styles contrast were traditional approaches to attachment that he believed that the purpose of attachment was the fulfilment of needs, especially feeding. Other theoretical attachments support Bowlby’s theory who are Harlow and Lorenz. Their studies also suggest that children are biologically pre-programmed to form attachments to survive and lead a healthy life. Harlow's study shows that the monkey preferred to attach to comfort given not the food provided. The model was designed to look like real monkeys. One of each model monkey would give food while the other comfort the real monkey with fabric cloth. The monkey spent more time with the model with the fabric, which gave it comfort rather than the one that would feed it with a bottle. With respect to Lorenz, his attachment study suggests that

You May Also Find These Documents Helpful

  • Good Essays

    Many researchers have studied attachment; however, John Bowlby and Mary Ainsworth are the researchers responsible for the origination of the attachment theory, therefore also becoming catalysts for the research of attachment in the late eighteenth century. Attachment, as defined by Ainsworth, is “‘an affectional tie’ that an infant forms with a caregiver—a tie that binds them together in space and endures over time” (Berger, 2014, p. 142). Furthermore, as described in Berger, the attachment theory assesses the behaviors associated with four identified types of infant attachment. These four types include secure, insecure-resistant/ambivalent, insecure avoidant, and disorganized attachment. Berger defines each of these types as follows: securely…

    • 186 Words
    • 1 Page
    Good Essays
  • Powerful Essays

    Attachment theory is a psychological theory which investigates the bond between individuals; it in effect refers primarily to the relationship and bond between a baby and their primary caregiver. Early attachment research was conducted through experiments with animals. Dependency on a presence of another being as an infant is essential to survival within all species. As Psychoanalyst Winnicott (1964: p.88) observed…

    • 1586 Words
    • 7 Pages
    Powerful Essays
  • Good Essays

    Bowlby’s theory of attachment suggests that children instinctually form attachments with others to help them survive. Overtime children learn to depend on the caregiver and recognize that they will be there to comfort them and keep them safe. Attachment behaviors develop to protect against situations that threaten the closeness of those attachments. Bowlby suggested that infants and mothers have a biological need to stay in contact with each other so the child would have a secure base for exploring the world.…

    • 356 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Good Essays

    The learning theory of attachment focuses of two concepts; operant and classical conditioning. Classical conditioning as an explanation for attachment describes the baby receiving food (and unconditioned stimulus) and producing an unconditioned response (happiness) and the mother feeding the baby will be the neutral stimulus. The baby will then experience the mother giving them food (and therefore happiness) a number of times and then learn to associate the mother (now a conditioned stimulus) with the feeling of happiness (a conditioned response) and thus an attachment will form. Operant conditioning describes attachment as a reinforced response. When a baby gets food it 's discomfort will become happiness and the baby will associate this feeling with food and therefore food will become the primary reinforcer. The person feeding the baby will also be associated with the happiness and therefore become the secondary reinforcer and an attachment will form.…

    • 5160 Words
    • 15 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Good Essays

    One theory of attachment that behaviourists such as Dollard and Miller (1950) have put forward is Learning Theory, this theory believes that all behaviours are acquired though learning which takes place through classical and operant conditioning. Learning theory provides explanations on how attachments between the caregiver and baby are formed, one explanation is through classical conditioning; learning by association. This is based upon Pavlov’s work with dogs in 1927. Before conditioning an unconditioned stimulus produced an unconditioned response, during conditioning a neutral stimulus and unconditioned response would produce an unconditioned response then after conditioning the conditioned stimulus would result in a conditioned response. In the case of learning theory the unconditioned stimulus would be the food and the unconditioned response would a be a happy baby, the neutral stimulus which then becomes a conditioned stimulus would be the mother, therefore after conditioning the mother will make the baby happy as the baby associates the mother with food; a source of pleasure for the baby. Another explanation learning theory provides is that attachments are formed through operant conditioning; learning by reinforcement – positive or negative. This can explain the mothers bond with the child for example a mother will receive reinforcements for behaviours that affect the baby’s wellbeing; an example of negative reinforcement would be feeding a crying baby so it stops crying – the mothers actions have resulted in the subtraction of something negative. An example of positive reinforcement would be when the mother talks to the baby the baby may smile.…

    • 1071 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Better Essays

    Bowlby believed that children have an attachment gene which gives them the innate drive to become attached to a caregiver because attachment has long – term benefits, similar to the benefits of imprinting. Imprinting ensures that a young animal will stay close to a caregiver who will feed and protect the young animal -Imprinting is seen as an adaptive behaviour because of this (behaviours that increase the likelihood of survival and reproduction.…

    • 1185 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Better Essays
  • Good Essays

    This can be applied to attachment in the sense that a new-born baby will cry in response to feelings of discomfort, which come from being hungry or cold. The sound of a baby crying is uncomfortable to the caregiver who will attempt to console the child by feeding and cuddling them. These behaviours are rewarding for the baby who is likely to settle down and stop crying. This acts as a positive reinforcement for the parent and they are more likely to repeat the feeding/cuddling when the baby cries next time. As the crying has produced a positive reinforcement, the baby is likely to repeat the crying…

    • 809 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Good Essays

    Rudolph Schaffer and Peggy Emerson studied the progress of 60 babies starting from a few weeks old to 18 months. These children were observed in their own home , and a pattern was identified in their development of attachment. They found that babies attachment developed in a sequence…

    • 1428 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Good Essays

    Classical conditioning is another way that attachments can be formed with the carer who feeds the baby because food provides a baby with pleasure and makes them happy, the food is provided by the caregiver which makes the baby happy. The baby then learns to associate the happy feeling that food gives the baby, with the caregiver, thus forming an attachment. This is also known as the ‘cupboard love theory’.…

    • 455 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Good Essays

    Attachment can be described using two theories, one being Bowlby’s attachment theory which is based on an evolutionary perspective. The theory suggests that evolution has produced a behaviour that is essential to the survival to allow the passing on of genes. An infant that keeps close to their mother is more likely to survive. The traits that lead to that attachment will be naturally selected. Bowlby has the idea that attachment has evolved and it is innate as it increases the likelihood of survival and reproduction, he suggests that children are already born with this innate drive and that they were born to perform these behaviours and born to attain attachment. To enhance the survival of their offspring caregiving is also adaptive and we are born to care for our children. He suggests that infants were born with social releasers (for example: crying/smiling) which encourage caregiving.…

    • 777 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Good Essays

    With nature versus nurture being a widely discussed debate it is easy to tie into different situations. "The debate within psychology is concerned with the extent to which aspects of behavior are a product of either inherited (i.e. genetic) or acquired (i.e. learned) characteristics” (McLeod).There is two sides to the debate nature…

    • 1423 Words
    • 6 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Good Essays

    Nature Vs Nurture Theory

    • 1242 Words
    • 5 Pages

    Physical features, although unique in some measure, are proven to be acquired from the biological parents of any organism. The Nature v. Nurture debate relates to humans and how they develop their unique behavioral habits. Many who support the Nature Theory endorse essentially that a person’s intelligence, personality, aggression, and sexual orientation pertain primarily to their DNA stemmed from their biological parents (Powell). For example, if someone’s parents are depressed or violent, the Nature Theory supporters conclude that their offspring will also bear these negative these traits. However, the Nurture Theory presents that these behavioral aspects are originated predominantly from the environmental factors of our upbringing, which…

    • 1242 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Good Essays

    John Bowlby

    • 692 Words
    • 3 Pages

    The evolutionary explanation of attachment was mainly developed by John Bowlby. Starting in the early 1940s he suggests that there is an innate nature attachment, this meaning that a baby is born biologically with ideas/ behaviours, for a baby to form an attachment with a caregiver. Bowlby suggests that the main reason for this instinctive attachment is due to the primary dependency for food and survival on a mother figure. Based on Freud’s theory that a mother – child relationship is important in forming future attachments Bowlby argues that the primary attachment between the baby and caregiver provided the child with what he calls an internal working model. This he describes as a template for future relationships as it gives the child an idea of whether or not they are lovable and a model of whether the person they are attached…

    • 692 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Good Essays

    Attachment and a deep connection to our birthmother are engrained in us from the moment we take our first breath of air. Infants or better described as dependents, create defense mechanisms as tools to deal with negative emotions felt during a period of worry and anxiety. Crying, clinging and frenetically searching is experienced by most mammals, and are looked at as attachment behaviors to alert caregivers that the dependent is in a time of need. The theory of attachment was developed by John Bowlby, a psychoanalyst who was interested in understanding the distress a child or infant experienced once separated from their parents. His research leads to the conclusion that attachment is a bond that gradually grows and develops through our lifetime.…

    • 1385 Words
    • 6 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Good Essays

    For this assignment, I am choosing to write about the Attachment Theory, because the concepts of this theory had captured my attention during class. The Attachment Theory was discovered by John Bowlby, which he had examined and analyzed the relationships between a child and their caregiver. Bowlby was attempting to understand the extreme distress from infants, who had been separated from their parents, which left the infants in discomfort. The most important stages of the Attachment Theory is during the first nine months of the infant’s life, when the bond of the newbond and caregiver must be endless, to create a trust and hopeful relationship. A child without a caregiver will likelyhood have relationship issues with another human being or…

    • 795 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Good Essays