behaviourism
Language Teaching Methodologies
Grammar Translation > view video
This approach was historically used in teaching Greek and Latin. The approach was generalized for teaching other languages.
Classes are taught in the students ' mother tongue (L1), with little active use of the target language. Vocabulary is taught in the form of isolated word lists. Elaborate explanations of grammar are always provided. Grammar instruction provides the rules for putting words together; instruction often focuses on the form and inflection of words. Reading of difficult texts is begun early in the course of study. Little attention is paid to the content of texts, which are treated as exercises in grammatical analysis. Often the only drills are exercises in translating disconnected sentences from the target language into the mother tongue, and vice versa. Little or no attention is given to pronunciation.
The Direct Method > view video
The direct method, sometimes also called natural method, is a method that refrains from using the learners ' native language and just uses the target language. It was established in
Germany and France around 1900. The direct method operates on the idea that second language learning must be an imitation of first language learning, as this is the natural way humans learn any language - a child never relies on another language to learn its first language, and thus the mother tongue is not necessary to learn a foreign language. This method places great stress on correct pronunciation and the target language from outset.
It advocates teaching of oral skills at the expense of every traditional aim of language teaching. According to this method, printed language and text must be kept away from second language learner for as long as possible, just as a first language learner does not use printed word until he has good grasp of speech.
Learning of writing and spelling should be delayed until after the printed word has been
introduced,
Grammar Translation > view video
This approach was historically used in teaching Greek and Latin. The approach was generalized for teaching other languages.
Classes are taught in the students ' mother tongue (L1), with little active use of the target language. Vocabulary is taught in the form of isolated word lists. Elaborate explanations of grammar are always provided. Grammar instruction provides the rules for putting words together; instruction often focuses on the form and inflection of words. Reading of difficult texts is begun early in the course of study. Little attention is paid to the content of texts, which are treated as exercises in grammatical analysis. Often the only drills are exercises in translating disconnected sentences from the target language into the mother tongue, and vice versa. Little or no attention is given to pronunciation.
The Direct Method > view video
The direct method, sometimes also called natural method, is a method that refrains from using the learners ' native language and just uses the target language. It was established in
Germany and France around 1900. The direct method operates on the idea that second language learning must be an imitation of first language learning, as this is the natural way humans learn any language - a child never relies on another language to learn its first language, and thus the mother tongue is not necessary to learn a foreign language. This method places great stress on correct pronunciation and the target language from outset.
It advocates teaching of oral skills at the expense of every traditional aim of language teaching. According to this method, printed language and text must be kept away from second language learner for as long as possible, just as a first language learner does not use printed word until he has good grasp of speech.
Learning of writing and spelling should be delayed until after the printed word has been
introduced,
References: http://www.teachingenglish.org.uk/content/total-physical-response-tpr http://moramodules.com/ALMMethods.htm http://www.teachingenglish.org.uk/articles/methods-post-method-m%C3%A9todos