In this book, Wesley Granberg-Michaelson invites “North American” Christians to explore both informative and transformative dialogues concerning the post-Christian West through the lens of 20th C. global Christianity. The general overtones, particularly in the first half of this book, are more informative as Granberg-Michaelson provides a brief history of 20th C. ecumenical movement, highlighting the major “spiritual” shifts taking place from the global North to the South, and from the Christian West to the ‘evangelized’ East. As an active insider, working closely with WCC and other ecumenical initiatives, Granberg-Michaelson provides invaluable reflections based on his personal experiences and factual data, which lead him to raise some critical assessments concerning the future of the church in America, at least from the ecumenical perspective. Some of his…
He started his career due to his family being in politics and they encouraged him to go for governor. When he first entered the field Graham was elected to the Florida House of Representatives in 1966 and after the Florida Senate in 1970. Being the only politician that actually had work days to be able to connect with people of Florida; therefore he was elected governor in 1978. In addition he was reelected in 1992 and 1998. Graham learned it doesn’t matter if you are governor it is your heart that matters. He had to overcome schools and his fear that the U.S senate and the people wouldn’t like him.…
Sylvester Graham, though not as well-known as some of the other Antebellum reformists, influenced not only 18th century culture, but culture today. Graham was born on July 5, 1794, in Connecticut. His father was 72 when he was born, and died when he was barely a toddler. His mother suffered from emotional and mental trauma later in his life, resulting in Graham being brought up in various households. Eventually, he turned to the ministry, and became a Presbyterian clergyman before becoming a leading figure in the temperance movement.…
Second Great Awakening- Religious revival characterized by emotional mass “camp meetings” and widespread conversion. Brought about a democratization of religion as a multiplicity of denominations vied for members…
In 1951, Jones moved to Indianapolis and went to Butler University where he received his degree in secondary education. Jim Jones became a member of the Communist Party USA in 1951 where he began attending meetings and rallies in Indianapolis. Jones then got flustered with harassment received particularly regarding meetings between him and his mother with a guy named Paul Robeson during the McCarthy hearings. Jones got surprised when a Methodist superintendent helped him to start in the church even though he knew that Jones was a communist, especially when he didn’t meet him through the American Communist Party. In 1952, Jones became a student pastor at the Sommerset Southside Methodist Church, but left because the pastors didn’t like that he integrated the African Americans into his congregation. Around that same time he witnessed a faith-healing service at the Seventh Day Baptist Church. He learned that it attracted people and their money and he concluded that with that financial help from such healings he could reach his social goals. Jones then started his own church called the Peoples Temple Christian Church Full…
Franklin Graham’s impact on the world is his Christian evangelism and desire to help those in need. He strongly believes that only through Jesus can you reach Eternal Life and has made it his mission to help everyone he can achieve Heaven. As the CEO of the Billy Graham Evangelistic Association, his father’s organization, Graham can do this through his famous evangelistic festivals that can be found all over the world. Graham is also the CEO of Samaritan's Purse, an organization dedicated to helping anyone in need, especially those after a tragedy or disaster. This desire of his to help others took flight as he heard, and even saw, all the horrible things that were happening, such as floods and tornadoes. Graham has also written several books…
Billy Sunday once said “Let’s quit fiddling with religion and do something to bring the world to Christ.” This wasn't Billy Sunday's mindset his whole life, he wasn’t even a christian until his older adult life. Billy Sunday is an extraordinary muckraker and christian evangelists, even best know as one of the best evangelists of all time. Before Billy Sunday turned into an evangelist he was an even greater baseball player. It may not seem like Billy Sunday did much to greater the world but he actually he did, he helped many people convert to christianity, he helped argue against alcohol, which led to the prohibition, he helped young catholic men, and set a single season record of stolen bases in Major League Baseball.…
After graduating from college, Mr. Graham pastored the First Baptist Church in Western Springs, Illinois, before joining Youth for Christ, an organization founded for ministry to youth and servicemen during World War II. He preached throughout the United States and in Europe in the immediate post war era, emerging as a rising young…
(2) Along with attending Wheaton College the Christian evangelist met Ruth Bell, who had a father that was a medical missionary, and later he would marry her. (1)Graham’s long career regarded a positive effect on everyone that listens to him, one reported from Times said that he was “ the Pope of Protestant America”. (2)Throughout his career he preached to more than 80 million to countless…
The Second Great Awakening laid the foundations of the development of present-day religious beliefs and establishments, moral views, and democratic ideals in the United States. Beginning back in late eighteenth century and lasting until the middle of the nineteenth century,1 this Protestant awakening sought to reach out the un-churched and bring people to a much more personal and vivid experience of Christianity. Starting on the Southern frontier and soon spreading to the Northeast, the Second Great Awakening has also been associated as a response against the growing liberalism in religion - skepticism, deism, and rational Christianity.2 Although the movement is well-known to be just a period of religious revival, its tremendous effects still influence the nation even up to now. The lasting impacts of the revolution include the shift of the dominating Christian theology from predestination to salvation for all, the emergence and growth of religious factions, the escalation of involvement in secular affairs, and the shaping of the country into a more egalitarian society. These footprints left by the Second Great Awakening helped mold America into what it is today.…
Benjamin Rush was born December 24, 1745 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. He was the fourth child of John and Susanna Rush’s seven children. He was raised Presbyterian and was greatly influenced by the minister Gilbert Tennent (2 Vinci, John). Tennent was a powerful speaker and rose during the Great Awakening. Rush attended West Nottingham Academy as a young lad and learned Calvinistic beliefs. He never fully embraced the Calvinistic doctrine however (2 Vinci, John). He graduated and soon attended the College of New Jersey.…
Nineteenth century America contained a bewildering array of Protestant sects and denominations, with different doctrines, practices, and organizational forms. But by the 1830s almost all of these bodies had a deep evangelical emphasis in common. Protestantism has always contained an important evangelical strain, but it was in the nineteenth century that a particular style of evangelicalism became the dominant form of spiritual expression. What above all else characterized this evangelicalism was its dynamism, the pervasive sense of activist energy it released. As Charles Grandison Finney, the leading evangelical of mid-nineteenth century America, put it: "religion is the work of man, it is something for man to do." This evangelical activism involved an important doctrinal shift away from the predominately Calvinist orientation that had characterized much of eighteenth-century American Christianity. Eighteenth-century Calvinists like Jonathan Edwards or George Whitefield had stressed the sinful nature of humans and their utter incapacity to overcome this nature without the direct action of the grace of God working through the Holy Spirit. Salvation was purely in God's hands, something he dispensed as he saw fit for his own reasons. Nineteenth-century evangelicals like Finney, or Lyman Beecher, or Francis Asbury, were no less unrelenting in their emphasis on the terrible sinfulness of humans. But they focused on sin as human action. For all they preached hellfire and damnation, they nonetheless harbored an unshakable practical belief in the capacity of humans for moral action, in the ability of humans to turn away from sinful behavior and embrace moral action. Whatever their particular doctrinal stance, most nineteenth-century evangelicals preached a kind of practical Arminianism which emphasized the duty and ability of sinners to repent and desist from sin.…
The Second Great Awakening was a revival movement that had occurred in the 1730s with the goal of creating a Protestant creed that would maintain the idea of Christian community in a period of rapid individualism and competition. As our book mentions, the Second Great Awakening was “one of the most momentous episodes in the history of American religious. This tidal wave of spiritual fervor left in its wake countless converted souls, many shattered and reorganized church, and numerous new sects. It also encouraged an effervescent evangelicalism that bubbled up into innumerable areas of American life…” (308). Some of those key features that were reformed were prison reform, the temperance cause, the women’s movement and feminization of religion, and the crusade to abolish slavery.…
The Second Great Awakening, led by Charles G. Finney, played an important role in the reform movements that expanded the idea of democracy. The period of religious revivalism was based on the idea of showing faith to God through good deeds in the society and moral rightness. The churches of the Second Great Awakening stressed the capability of people to make the world a better place. Charles Finney urged his listeners to take their salvation in their own hands and that salvation was available to anyone. Preaching styles of evangelists also changed- from preaching the greatness of God to connecting emotionally with the common people. This period of revivalism and philosophical motivation for reform started a chain of reform movements, such as utopian communities, moral reforms, education, temperance, abolition, and women’s rights, encouraging democratic ideals. (Doc B)…
For us to see the significance of the religious revivals known as the “Great Awakening,” we need to take a brief glance as to what caused it to happen. Going back into the 17th century, we will notice that fighting has ceased between political and religious leaders. This is due to the fact that the Church of England has come to establish a State religion. As a result of an establishment of a State religion, other religions such as Catholicism, Judaism and Puritanism were repressed. While having a State religion is a good idea for the political leaders, it created a dry, boring and complacent attitude among the citizens. Worshipping now became just an act. Going through the motions of worshipping, but not actually coming from the heart. This brings us to the spark of the “First Great Awakening,” which was the first of colonial America’s major religious revivals.…