Biog 1440 Week 3
BioG 1440, week 3 problem set. Enzymes and energy
1.Many spontaneous reactions occur slowly. Why don’t they all occur instantly? In biological processes, how is this rate sped up?
2. When the substrate (reactant) concentration is high enough enzyme A and enzyme
A’ may be saturated and their reactions run at the same maximum velocity. However, at subsaturating concentrations of reactants, these different enzymes run at different velocities for the same concentration of substrate. Enzyme A’ has a Km that is twice that of enzyme A. Draw a well labelled graph that depicts the verbal description of the previous sentences.
3. Arrange the following compounds into the proper equation for the net result of glycolysis. Be sure to put the proper number
in front of them if more than 1 compound is necessary. Also indicate which of the starting compounds is oxidized to what and which starting compound is reduced to what.
ADP
ATP glucose NAD
NADH2
oxygen
Pi (inorganic phosphate)
Pyruvate
4. Beta-oxidation is the process by which fatty acids are cut up two carbons at a time to begin the process of generating ATP from lipids. Would you expect that some enzyme in that process might be down regulated by the six carbon molecule citric acid? Why or why not?
5. In the text Figure 8.1, which was also shown as a slide in lecture, the speed of ATP production at the start of demand was described for the 4 mechanisms of ATP production. Aerobic production was slowest and the other three mechanisms were fastest. Propose a hypothesis for why this speed differential might be the case.
1.Many spontaneous reactions occur slowly. Why don’t they all occur instantly? In biological processes, how is this rate sped up?
2. When the substrate (reactant) concentration is high enough enzyme A and enzyme
A’ may be saturated and their reactions run at the same maximum velocity. However, at subsaturating concentrations of reactants, these different enzymes run at different velocities for the same concentration of substrate. Enzyme A’ has a Km that is twice that of enzyme A. Draw a well labelled graph that depicts the verbal description of the previous sentences.
3. Arrange the following compounds into the proper equation for the net result of glycolysis. Be sure to put the proper number
in front of them if more than 1 compound is necessary. Also indicate which of the starting compounds is oxidized to what and which starting compound is reduced to what.
ADP
ATP glucose NAD
NADH2
oxygen
Pi (inorganic phosphate)
Pyruvate
4. Beta-oxidation is the process by which fatty acids are cut up two carbons at a time to begin the process of generating ATP from lipids. Would you expect that some enzyme in that process might be down regulated by the six carbon molecule citric acid? Why or why not?
5. In the text Figure 8.1, which was also shown as a slide in lecture, the speed of ATP production at the start of demand was described for the 4 mechanisms of ATP production. Aerobic production was slowest and the other three mechanisms were fastest. Propose a hypothesis for why this speed differential might be the case.