Biology 109 Study Guide
Study Companion Unit I Biology 109
Fall 2012
Chapter 27: Bacteria and Archaea
Information that you should know, and questions that you should be able to address. 1. Define the following terms: positive phototaxis, negative phototaxis, endospore, binary fission, phototroph, chemotroph, autotroph, heterotroph, obligate aerobe, facultative anaerobe, obligate anaerobe, bioremediation 2. 3. What are the two main branches of prokaryotic evolution? What are the components of a prokaryotic cell wall?
4. How does the cell wall of a Gram positive bacterium differ from that of a gram negative bacterium? 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. What function(s) are served by the cell wall of prokaryotes? Why are Gram negative pathogens generally more threatening than Gram positive ones? How does penicillin inhibit prokaryotic growth? What is a capsule and what is its function? What are fimbriae and what do they do?
10. What are the major differences between prokaryotes and eukaryotes? 11. What is a plasmid and what is its function? 12. How do the antibiotics erythromycin and tetracycline inhibit bacterial growth? 13. What is horizontal gene transfer? 14. What are the three mechanisms prokaryotes use to transfer genes between individuals? 15. Distinguish the following four major modes of nutrition observed in prokaryotes, photoautotrophs, chemoautotrophs, photoheterotrophs, chemoheterotrophs. 16 How does denitrification differ from nitrogen fixation? 17. What advantage does metabolic cooperation confer? 18 What is a biofilm?
1
Study Companion Unit I Biology 109
19. What is an extreme thermophile? halophile? methanogen?
Fall 2012
20. What is meant by the term symbiosis? List the three types of symbiotic relationships. 21. What is an opportunistic pathogen? 22. What is the difference between an endotoxin and exotoxin? 23. The evolution of antibiotic resistant strains of bacteria is on the rise. Explain why?
Chapter 28: Protists
Information that you should know, and questions that you should be
Fall 2012
Chapter 27: Bacteria and Archaea
Information that you should know, and questions that you should be able to address. 1. Define the following terms: positive phototaxis, negative phototaxis, endospore, binary fission, phototroph, chemotroph, autotroph, heterotroph, obligate aerobe, facultative anaerobe, obligate anaerobe, bioremediation 2. 3. What are the two main branches of prokaryotic evolution? What are the components of a prokaryotic cell wall?
4. How does the cell wall of a Gram positive bacterium differ from that of a gram negative bacterium? 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. What function(s) are served by the cell wall of prokaryotes? Why are Gram negative pathogens generally more threatening than Gram positive ones? How does penicillin inhibit prokaryotic growth? What is a capsule and what is its function? What are fimbriae and what do they do?
10. What are the major differences between prokaryotes and eukaryotes? 11. What is a plasmid and what is its function? 12. How do the antibiotics erythromycin and tetracycline inhibit bacterial growth? 13. What is horizontal gene transfer? 14. What are the three mechanisms prokaryotes use to transfer genes between individuals? 15. Distinguish the following four major modes of nutrition observed in prokaryotes, photoautotrophs, chemoautotrophs, photoheterotrophs, chemoheterotrophs. 16 How does denitrification differ from nitrogen fixation? 17. What advantage does metabolic cooperation confer? 18 What is a biofilm?
1
Study Companion Unit I Biology 109
19. What is an extreme thermophile? halophile? methanogen?
Fall 2012
20. What is meant by the term symbiosis? List the three types of symbiotic relationships. 21. What is an opportunistic pathogen? 22. What is the difference between an endotoxin and exotoxin? 23. The evolution of antibiotic resistant strains of bacteria is on the rise. Explain why?
Chapter 28: Protists
Information that you should know, and questions that you should be