Biology Chapter 1 Summary
Biology
Chapter 1- A View of Life
Key Concepts: 1.1 Basic themes of biology include evolution, information transfer, and energy transfer. 1.2 Characteristics of life include cellular structure, growth and development, self-regulated metabolism, response to stimuli, and reproduction. 1.3 Biological organization is hierarchical and includes chemical, cell, tissue, organ, organ system, and organism levels: ecological organization includes population, community, ecosystem, and biosphere levels. 1.4 Information transfer includes DNA transfer of information from one generation to the next: chemical and electrical signals within and among the cells of every organism; and chemicals, visual displays, and sounds that allow …show more content…
1.7 Biologists ask questions, develop hypotheses, make predictions, and collect data by careful observation and experiment: based on their results, they come to conclusions.
Chapter 4- Organization of the Cell
Key Concepts: 4.1 The cell is the basic unit of life; its organization and size are critical in maintaining homeostasis, and its size and shape are adapted for its function. 4.2 Biologists study cells using microscopes and biochemical techniques such as fractionation. 4.3 Unlike prokaryotic cells, eukaryotic cells have internal membranes that divide the cell into compartments, allowing cells to conduct specialized activities within separate, small areas. 4.4 In eukaryotic cells, genetic information coded in DNA is located in the nucleus, which is typically the most prominent organelle in the cell.
4.5 Among the many organelles in the cytoplasm are ribosomes, which synthesize proteins: endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi complexes, which process proteins: and mitochondria and chloroplasts, which convert energy from one form to …show more content…
Definitions: * Cell theory- the unifying concept that (1) cells are the basic living units of organization and function in all organisms and (2) that all cells come from other cells. * Homeostasis- an appropriate internal environment * Plasma membrane- a structurally distinctive surface membrane that surrounds all cells. * Organelles- internal structures that are specialized to carry out metabolic activities, such as converting energy to usable forms, synthesizing needed compounds, and manufacturing structures necessary for functioning and reproduction. * Microvilli- fingerlike projections of the plasma membrane that increase the surface area for absorbing nutrients and other materials * Light microscope (LM)- the type used by most students, consists of a tube with glass lenses at each end. * LMs (light micrographs)- images obtained with light microscopes * Magnification- ratio of the size of the image seen with the microscope o the actual size of the object * Resolution (Resolving Power)- the capacity to distinguish fine detail in an image, a.k.a the minimum distance between two points at which they can both be seen separately rather than as a single, blured
Chapter 1- A View of Life
Key Concepts: 1.1 Basic themes of biology include evolution, information transfer, and energy transfer. 1.2 Characteristics of life include cellular structure, growth and development, self-regulated metabolism, response to stimuli, and reproduction. 1.3 Biological organization is hierarchical and includes chemical, cell, tissue, organ, organ system, and organism levels: ecological organization includes population, community, ecosystem, and biosphere levels. 1.4 Information transfer includes DNA transfer of information from one generation to the next: chemical and electrical signals within and among the cells of every organism; and chemicals, visual displays, and sounds that allow …show more content…
1.7 Biologists ask questions, develop hypotheses, make predictions, and collect data by careful observation and experiment: based on their results, they come to conclusions.
Chapter 4- Organization of the Cell
Key Concepts: 4.1 The cell is the basic unit of life; its organization and size are critical in maintaining homeostasis, and its size and shape are adapted for its function. 4.2 Biologists study cells using microscopes and biochemical techniques such as fractionation. 4.3 Unlike prokaryotic cells, eukaryotic cells have internal membranes that divide the cell into compartments, allowing cells to conduct specialized activities within separate, small areas. 4.4 In eukaryotic cells, genetic information coded in DNA is located in the nucleus, which is typically the most prominent organelle in the cell.
4.5 Among the many organelles in the cytoplasm are ribosomes, which synthesize proteins: endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi complexes, which process proteins: and mitochondria and chloroplasts, which convert energy from one form to …show more content…
Definitions: * Cell theory- the unifying concept that (1) cells are the basic living units of organization and function in all organisms and (2) that all cells come from other cells. * Homeostasis- an appropriate internal environment * Plasma membrane- a structurally distinctive surface membrane that surrounds all cells. * Organelles- internal structures that are specialized to carry out metabolic activities, such as converting energy to usable forms, synthesizing needed compounds, and manufacturing structures necessary for functioning and reproduction. * Microvilli- fingerlike projections of the plasma membrane that increase the surface area for absorbing nutrients and other materials * Light microscope (LM)- the type used by most students, consists of a tube with glass lenses at each end. * LMs (light micrographs)- images obtained with light microscopes * Magnification- ratio of the size of the image seen with the microscope o the actual size of the object * Resolution (Resolving Power)- the capacity to distinguish fine detail in an image, a.k.a the minimum distance between two points at which they can both be seen separately rather than as a single, blured