Biology Chapter 6 Outline
Chapter 6: Cardiovascular System –– Blood
I. Blood: An Overview
A. Blood consists of two portions: Formed elements and Plasma.
1. Formed elements
Make up 45% of the total volume of whole blood.
Contains red blood cells, white blood cells, and blood platelets.
2. Plasma
Makes up 55% of the total volume of whole blood.
Contains a variety of inorganic and organic molecules suspended in water.
B. Functions
1. Blood is the primary transport medium.
a. Delivers oxygen from the lungs and nutrients from the digestive tract to the tissues. b. Transports carbon dioxide and wastes away from the tissues.
c. Transports hormones.
2. Blood defends the body against invasion by pathogens.
3. Blood has regulatory functions.
a. Regulates body temperature by picking up heat and transporting it about the body.
b. Plays a role in maintaining water-salt balance.
c. Regulates body Ph –– buffers.
II. Composition of Blood
A. Plasma is the liquid portion of blood.
B. Approximately 92% of plasma is water. The other 8% consists of various salts (help maintain pH) and organic molecules (nutrients, wastes, hormones, proteins).
C. The Plasma Proteins
The three major types are the albumins, globulins, and fibrinogen.
Most are made in the liver, except antibodies which are produced by B lymphocytes.
Have many functions that help maintain homeostasis:
Buffer the blood and keep the pH around 7.4.
Contribute to osmotic pressure which keeps water in the blood –– Albumins.
Transport large organic molecules.
Antibodies help defend the body against disease –– Gamma Globulins.
The plasma protein fibrinogen is important in the process of blood clotting.
D. The Formed Elements: Red blood cells, White blood cells, and Platelets
E. Red Blood Cells (Erythrocytes)
F. Small, biconcave disks that lack a nucleus when mature.
G. 4–6 million rbcs per mm3 of whole blood.
H. Contains hemoglobin-respiratory pigment that carries oxygen and is red.
Each rbc contains about 200
I. Blood: An Overview
A. Blood consists of two portions: Formed elements and Plasma.
1. Formed elements
Make up 45% of the total volume of whole blood.
Contains red blood cells, white blood cells, and blood platelets.
2. Plasma
Makes up 55% of the total volume of whole blood.
Contains a variety of inorganic and organic molecules suspended in water.
B. Functions
1. Blood is the primary transport medium.
a. Delivers oxygen from the lungs and nutrients from the digestive tract to the tissues. b. Transports carbon dioxide and wastes away from the tissues.
c. Transports hormones.
2. Blood defends the body against invasion by pathogens.
3. Blood has regulatory functions.
a. Regulates body temperature by picking up heat and transporting it about the body.
b. Plays a role in maintaining water-salt balance.
c. Regulates body Ph –– buffers.
II. Composition of Blood
A. Plasma is the liquid portion of blood.
B. Approximately 92% of plasma is water. The other 8% consists of various salts (help maintain pH) and organic molecules (nutrients, wastes, hormones, proteins).
C. The Plasma Proteins
The three major types are the albumins, globulins, and fibrinogen.
Most are made in the liver, except antibodies which are produced by B lymphocytes.
Have many functions that help maintain homeostasis:
Buffer the blood and keep the pH around 7.4.
Contribute to osmotic pressure which keeps water in the blood –– Albumins.
Transport large organic molecules.
Antibodies help defend the body against disease –– Gamma Globulins.
The plasma protein fibrinogen is important in the process of blood clotting.
D. The Formed Elements: Red blood cells, White blood cells, and Platelets
E. Red Blood Cells (Erythrocytes)
F. Small, biconcave disks that lack a nucleus when mature.
G. 4–6 million rbcs per mm3 of whole blood.
H. Contains hemoglobin-respiratory pigment that carries oxygen and is red.
Each rbc contains about 200