The use value is a direct relationship between you and a product. For example, a cup holds water so you can have a drink. The exchange value is anything that has a direct value and can be exchanged for other commodities. For example, diamonds have very little usefulness but have a high value in trade for other commodities. The surplus value is the total cost of a manufacture product minus what it costs to produce it. For example, a company makes a car for five thousand dollars but sells it for twenty thousand even though it only cost them five thousand to make it When it comes to use value of labor, exchange value of labor, and surplus value it helps us understand the exploitative nature of capitalism because you can reduce the cost of production by reducing the proletariat pay, increase the speed that the proletariat produce, or cut their hours and benefits. Basically all these things are manipulated by the bourgeoisie.
Karl Marx believed that there are five aspects of proletariats alienation that occur in a capitalist society. The product of labor, the work process, co-workers, species-potential, and themselves are the five specific aspects of alienation that occur in a capitalist