BTEC Health and Social Care Level 2 HAR

BTEC Health and Social Care Level 2
Unit 11: The Importance of Diet on Health
Linda Banjo.

Discuss how the component of a balanced diet contribute to an individual's health at different life stage

As individuals we all go through different stages in life and having a balanced diet at every stage is very important due to the body’s requirements in order for the body to perform very well.
As infants our diets depends on breast milk because it supplies the child with all the necessary nutrients and water that the infant needs to double or triple in size within a year from birth.
As toddlers and children the ideal balanced diet will be food high in protein, vitamins and minerals, fat and water because they contribute to the growth, development of strong bones and energy to accommodate their over active nature.
In the teenage stage of life it is very important to eat a balanced diet high in protein, carbohydrate, water, vitamins and minerals as this assists them in their developments in puberty, helps them stay within their ideal weight, helps with their focus in school work and sport activities.
As young adults/full grown adults (men and women) men are allowed a daily intake of 2500 calories and women are allowed 2000 calories a day. These calories should be made up of 5 a day balanced diet. Their diets should be high in fats, carbohydrates, fibre, sugars, water, vitamins and minerals as these components contribute to keeping an adult health and preventing certain illness’, maintenance of appropriate BMI, maintenance if ideal weight and above all the sufficient amount of nutrients the body needs at that stage to perform very well.
At old age eating a diet rich with vitamins, proteins, fibre and water contributes to making their immune system function better as well as keeping their blood sugar, blood pressure and cholesterol level low.

Discuss how the component of a balanced diet contribute to an individual's health at different life stage

As individuals we all go through different stages in life and having a balanced diet at every stage is very important due to the bodies’ requirements in order for the body to perform very well.
As infants our diets depends on breast milk because it supplies the child with all the necessary nutrients and water that the infant needs to double or triple in size within a year from birth.
As toddlers and children the ideal balanced diet will be food high in protein, vitamins and minerals, fat and water because they contribute to the growth, development of strong bones and energy to accommodate their over active nature.
In the teenage stage of life it is very important to eat a balanced diet high in protein, carbohydrate, water, vitamins and minerals as this assists them in their developments in puberty, helps them stay within their ideal weight, helps with their focus in school work and sport activities.
As young adults/full grown adults (men and women) men are allowed a daily intake of 2500 calories and women are allowed 2000 calories a day. These calories should be made up of 5 a day balanced diet. Their diets should be high in fats, carbohydrates, fibre, sugars, water, vitamins and minerals as these components contribute to keeping an adult health and preventing certain illness’, maintenance of appropriate BMI, maintenance if ideal weight and above all the sufficient amount of nutrients the body needs at that stage to perform very well.
At old age eating a diet rich with vitamins, proteins, fibre and water contributes to making their immune system function better as well as keeping their blood sugar, blood pressure and cholesterol level low.

P2) Identify different dietary needs at each life stage

Infancy (0-3 years)
Babies at this age needs the mother breast milk as it’s the best and most natural food containing everything that is needed for infants to grow strong and healthy. As babies begins to grow we can start introducing solid foods that will give them extra energy and nutrients. Starts with minced or finely chopped food, different textures and formula.They can start to eat more solid food such as rice, fish, meat and plenty of vegetables and fruits
Infancy needs a proper balance of protein, fat, carbohydrate, vitamins, and minerals as this is essential just as (breast milk) or formula.

Boys -690 calories or pureed vegetables
Girls 645 calories + fruits, breast milk/formula

Childhood (4-10)
Children need more energy because they run everywhere and play. Children need to have a healthy diets including 5 fruits and vegetables a day, and also do need to have plenty of cereals, including breads, rice, pasta, eggs and noodles. Children do also meat, fish and dairy products and also lots of water.

Children should be limit the amount of sweet, crisps, biscuits and also fizzy drinks.
Boys-(4-6)-1715 cals
Girls (4-6)- 1545 cals
Boys (7-10)-1970 cals
Girls (7-10)-1740 cals

Adolescence (11-18)

Adolescence is the most important stage of life, as they are full of change. They need balanced healthy diet from all five group foods such as vegetables and fruits the right correct quantities.
Diets 33% carbes 33% fruits and Vegs 15% protein 7% fats
Boys from age 11-14 do need 2220 calories that raised to2755 from 15 -18 years
Girls needs 1845 from 11-14 years and from 15-18 years they need 2110 calories.
They should Avoid all junk food and take-away and eat at home, and also limit the amount of sweet, Crips, biscuits and the intake of fizzy drinks.

Adulthood (19-65)

Adults do need to eat healthy, varied diet both for good health and to help reduce any risk of diseases such as heart disease. As an adult you need healthy diet consisting of complex carbohydrates such as wholegrain bread, pasta, rice and also some food that are rich in protein such as meat, fish, eggs, dairy foods and fruit and vegetables. They also have to eat at least 5 portions of fruits and vegetables each day.
Diets that consists of 33% carbs
33% fruits
15% Dairy
12% protein &
7% of fats Avoid any saturated fat food, take-away and limit alcohol intake as this adds extra calories to diet.

Old age (65+ years)

Elderly need a similar diet as that of Adulthood. Less mobile and need less energy. They should eat a varied diet to ensure that they get all vitamins and minerals needed. Keep healthy by eating lots of fruits and vegetables.
Men 65-74 2330 calories
Women 65-74 1900 calories
Should eat food that do not require too much preparation, but high in nutrients. Should limit foods that contains sutured fat.
Calcium does required for a healthy bones.

Pregnancy & breastfeeding

Women that are pregnant needs to eat a healthy varied diet, because what they eat does not only influence their own health also the health of the baby. They need a diet rich in folic acid and a supplements daily as to prevents damaged to the foetus, they need extra 20 0 calories in the last 3months of pregnancy and should still eat a diet that is high in starch and eat lots of fruits and vegetables and moderate the amounts of meat, fish and other protein sources. During breast feeding an extra 450 to 570 calories are needed. A woman diet should contain plenty energy rich foods, protein, iron, calcium, vitamins (A and D).
Food that are high in vitamin should be avoided.

P3)
Explain two medical conditions related to unbalanced diets

Diabetes type 2: is caused by the consumption of excessive fatty foods or foods with high calorie and unbalanced diet. This disease is rapidly becoming a big public health problem in the UK as most people who live in the UK have a fatty diet instead of a balanced diet with a lot of fresh fruit and vegetables.
Kwashiorkor: this is caused by lack of protein in a child’s diet. When a child consumes only carbohydrates in daily diet they are at risk of developing this disease.

P4 identify 2 service users with specific dietary needs.

P4:- Dominic is 40 Years old and he’s an account manager and doesn’t have much time to exercise. He is about a stone over weight. He eats in the canteen at work and has a weakness for chips and sweat puddings; although he knows they are not good for him. He is aware that he might be more likely to have a heart attack as his father has had one.

Dave’s dietary needs are to have a meal plan that is not high in saturated fats or sugar to avoid him to reduce his weight therefore for putting pressure on his heart and to stop fat building up around his internal organs to try and prevent heart disease. It’s important that he has a lot of protein and fibre and some carbohydrates in his diet to make sure he is full up and not hungry so he doesn’t snack on the wrong food. He will need to exercise once a day for an hour.

M2: OUTLINE A TWO DAY-DIET plan for two service users with specific dietary needs
Dave’s Diet plan
Day 1

Breakfast:-Scrambled egg made with semi skimmed milk on wholemeal brown toast with low fat spread/cup of tea or coffee with semi skimmed milk and/or sweeteners
Lunch: - Homemade wholemeal brown bread sandwiches/chicken breast and salad/Low fat spread/pure apple Juice/muesli bar/piece of fresh fruit.
Dinner: - Salmon/new potatoes/broccoli/carrots /Low fat yogurt/pure Grape Juice
Snacks: - Nuts/seeds/dried fruit/fresh fruit

Day 2
Breakfast:-Porridge with skimmed milk/honey/raisins drink: - tea or coffee with skimmed milk and sweeteners
Lunch: -Homemade green salad with avocado and tuna uses low calorie mayonnaise/low fat yogurt and fruit
Dinner:-Grilled steak/small baked potato with low fat spread and peas/baked apple with custard with semi skimmed milk.
Snacks:-Bananas/berries/ small bar of dark chocolate

D1:-justify how the two day diet plan meats the dietary needs of the two service users

This meal plan meets Dave’s needs by giving him everything he needs and to help prevent him from having heart attacks by removing the fatty foods like chips in the canteen and replacing it with healthier choices. The plan also gives him exciting and varied choice of sweet things so that he’s not tempted by sweet puddings which are high in sugar and making him put on weight which puts his heart at greater risk.
This meal plan also helps him to have a more healthy diet that he might not have had before.

I would recommend he drank 8 glasses of water a day and that all hot drinks are decaffeinated, using sweetness and semi skimmed or skimmed milk. I would explain that he would be best to avoid saturated fats and fried food to make sure that he keeps his heart healthy and to prevent any hereditary heart disease. I would also recommend that along with this dietary change he does some exercise like walking to work or using the stairs not the lift. His exercise could be increased as he gets fitter to avoid putting unnecessary strain on his heart. I would also recommend that he takes his own lunch to work so he’s not tempted by what’s on offer in the canteen but he can still have social time with his colleagues.
He’s use to eating so much bad food like chips this meal plan has fibre and protein so it stops him from getting hungrier and keeps him fuller for longer.

Day 1:-Dave

Breakfast: This plan provided the protein and fibre and carbohydrates because it has eggs in which has protein in it semi skimmed milk carbohydrates protein wholemeal brown bread is high in fibre and is a carbohydrate low fat spread can stop Dave from gaining weight and low fat spread is for energy the vitamins in low fat spread is A and D.

Lunch: - The sandwiches are made with bread (see above) filled with chicken breast this is a protein and it is lower saturated fat and the sandwiches have also got salad in them which has fibre and has vitamins B and C this also works for fruit. He can eat a muesli bar that is low in calories because this is a carbohydrate and will give him energy. Pure apple juice is good for him because it’s got fruit and fruit has a lot of fibre and vitamins B and C.

Dinner: - salmon is good for him as it is a protein and has omega 3 is good for joints, concentration and mind. New potato has carbohydrates to keep his energy up vegetables are good as they are full of fibre and vitamins B and C. Low fat yogurt is full of milk which has protein and carbohydrates pure grape fruit juice is full of Fibre. Snacks: Nuts are good for Dave because there full of protein to give him energy this is the same as seeds and fresh fruit is full of vitamin B and C and fibre.

Day 2: -

Breakfast:- porridge is healthy for Dave as it is high in protein and is made with milk which has carbohydrates I also planned Honey for Dave this is important because it has carbohydrates in it raisin are good for fibre.

Lunch: Salad has Vitamins B and C and avocado Vitamin B, tuna which has omega 3 and protein Low calorie mayonnaise protein in it. Low fat yogurt is full of milk that helps his protein and carbohydrates and fruit witch has vitamin B and C.

Dinner: Grilled steak is protein, small baked potato are carbohydrates low fat spread has fat, pees are high in fibre and have vitamin C. Baked Apple lots of fibre and vitamin C. Custard with semi skimmed milk protein and dairy with the minerals calcium and vitamin D.

Snacks: Bananas are full off protein, Fibre, potassium and has Vitamins B and C. Berries are high in Fibre with Vitamin B and C. Small bar off dark chocolate has iron in it.

-June is 53 years old. She has recently shown signs of the onset of menopause. She is aware that she will be more inclined to put on weight; she is therefore switching to skimmed milk and low fat dairy products. Her 75 year old mother is recovering from a broken hip due to osteoporosis.

P4:- June’s specific dietary needs should include foods that are high or rich in calcium and vitamin D, which helps the body to absorb calcium, to help prevent osteoporosis as she gets older. As she’s inclined to and concerned about putting on weight her diet should be low in calories and fat to help her with her weight control. June is approaching menopause she should have a lot of protein, fibre, fruit and vegetables.

M2: Plan June’s diet

Day 1
Breakfasts:-Oatmeal with low in fat semi skimmed Milk/plums/pear/drink:-strawberries mixed with semi skinned low in fat milk.
Lunch:-whole wheat Pasta/Tuna/sweat corn/cucumber/orange/apple/banana drink:-Tea or coffee with semi skimmed milk.
Dinner:-whole wheat brown bread and low fat spread/scrambled egg made with water/broccoli Drinks:-Pure grape fruit juice.
Snacks: - Nuts/seeds/30g chopped carrots dipped in cottage cheese

Day 2
Breakfasts: - Weetabix with semi skimmed low fat milk/Wholemeal brown breed 5g cheese

Drinks: - berries mixed with milk.

Lunch:-Leafy greens/carrots/cucumber/tomatoes/chicken breast without skin in cottage cheese Pudding:-pear/peaches/oranges/plumbs
Dinner:-Jacket potato/cod/green beans/lettuce.
Drink: - Semi skinned Low in fat Milk drinks: - tea or coffee with semi skimmed milk
Snacks:-Nuts/seeds/dried fruit
D1:- This meal plan meets June’s needs by giving her everything she needs to protect her body and health from anymore danger, by adding some food in to her diet that could help her with the menopause and help her protect herself from osteoporosis.
I would recommend that June drinks 8 glasses of water a day while on this meal plan to keep up healthy balance in the body. I would also recommend that she drinks decaffeinated and if she uses sugar she should only use sweeteners and semi skimmed milk or skimmed milk.
June’s needs to do more exercise like walking while on this plan to help her. After a while she can improve more on what she is doing with her exercise she could do walking or running.
June’s is going to gain some weight due to menopause so the diet plan has to keep the fat levels down so she can stop the weight gain