ANTH 121 Exam 2 Study Guide Outline, Part II Dr. Grofe I. San Bartolo A. Pre-‐Classic Maya city discovered in 2001 – Northeast of Tikal. 1. Bill Saturno, working for Corpus Project a. Looking for sites with Maya writing b. Led by former looters to San Bartolo c. Got lost on the way—out of water and food, nearly died.…
The Maya had established city-states which were united by culture but not by a common political or military system. They had artistic, agricultural, and architectural…
The Aztecs rise from the 14th century can be linked to the military strength. In 1430 the aztecs made an alliance with two other city states to form a triple alliance. The alliance went into wars of conquest and expanded. The alliance was able to dominate most of central Mexico and distant lands. When the Aztecs conquered cities, they left their rulers in power under the condition that they payed tribute to the Alliance and supply military forces when needed.…
• 138: Base of North Acropolis and Temple I, Tikal / Guatemala: Maya culture / North…
Mayapan and Tikal also had many differences, such as Mayapan had no ball court. Tikal had a ball…
The history of the conquest of Yucatán includes many shifts of power and territory. Many conquistadors conquered this diamond-shaped region only to have it fall to another leader. The native Maya were a strong group of inhabitants and protected their land with passion. This is demonstrated in the account of the conquest led by the Montejos. Eventually, Yucatán was officially colonized by the Spanish family of Montejos, although they did not have a major impact on the culture of the Maya.…
The Mayas: Developed approximately two thousand years ago. On the Yucatan Peninsula, in today’s eastern Mexico, the Mayas built urban centers containing tall pyramids and temples. They studied astronomy and created and elaborate writing system. Their city-states, though, engaged in near-constant warfare with one another. Warfare and an inadequate food supply caused the collapse of the most powerful cities by 900 C.E., thus ending the classic era of Mayan civilization. By the time Spaniards arrived 600 years later, only a few remnants of the once-mighty society remained.…
Tikal was an important post in the trading network that the Mexican city of Teotihuacán had established in southern Mesoamerica. Tikal continued to flourish after the decline of Teotihuacán. As the population increased, land for agriculture became scarce forcing the Maya to find new methods of food production. The Maya built numerous temples, public buildings, and various kinds of houses appropriate to the distinct social classes of their society.…
Heirs of the Olmecs: the Maya 1) The Maya lived in the highlands of Guatemala a. Besides maize, they also cultivated cotton and cacao b. Tikal was the most important Maya political center, 300900 C.E. c. Maya warfare: warriors had prestige; captives were slaves or victims d. Chichén Itzá, power by the 9th century; loose empire in Yucatan e. Maya decline began in 800 C.E.; many Mayans deserted their cities C. Maya Society and Religion 1) Maya society was hierarchical a. Kings, priests, and hereditary nobility at the top b. Merchants were from the ruling class; they served also as ambassadors c. Professional architects and artisans were important d. Peasants and slaves were majority of population 2) The Maya calendar had both solar and ritual years interwoven 3) Maya writing was ideographic and syllabic; only four books survive 4) Religious thought a. Popol Vuh, a Maya creation myth, taught that gods created humans out of maize and water b. Gods maintained agricultural cycles in exchange for honors and sacrifices c. Bloodletting rituals honored gods for rains 5) The Maya ball game: sporting, gambling, and religious…
The Maya were involved in many large wars throughout the existence of their civilization. During…
This can be seen all throughout Mesoamerica, primarily with the Aztecs. What started as a small band of farmer-migrants driven to small islands eventually grew into a great empire centered around Tenochtitlán, the greatest metropolis of the pre-Columbian New World. By enlisting as mercenaries as well as overthrowing the powerful Tepanecs, this band of Mexica-Tenochca was able to create a triple alliance and extend their empire over 400 previously independent communities. From raids to conquest, farming communities faced far more times of conflict than hunter-gatherer bands. These times of war forced villages to come together, forming…
Each state had its own ruler or tlatoani who led a council of nobles but these small urban centres surrounded by farmland soon sought to expand their wealth and influence so that by c. 1400 CE several small empires had formed in the Valley of Mexico. Dominant amongst these were Texcoco, capital of the Acholhua region, and Azcapotzalco, capital of the Tepenec. These two empires came face to face in 1428 CE with the Tepanec War. The Azcapotzalco forces were defeated by an alliance of Texcoco, Tenochtitlan (the capital of the Mexica) and several other smaller cities. Following victory a Triple Alliance was formed between Texcoco, Tenochtitlan and a rebel Tepanec city, Tlacopan.…
The Mayan, Aztec, and Inca civilizations were the largest empires in the lands we now call Latin America. The Mayans, the oldest of these three great civilizations, built their empire in what is now southern Mexico and Central America. Mayan civilization had collapsed when the Aztecs built huge pyramids to their gods. The Aztecs built well-organized cities and developed a writing system. The Incans created a road system to connect their empire in the Andes Mountains. They also developed an irrigation system and their own language.…
The Mayan Empire best known for its calendar system, advanced writing and math, insane pyramids, excellent stone and jade tools, gender equality, great road systems, and dedication to religion. Met its end after more than 3,000 years. Archaeologist show through studies that the ending of this empire was caused by a uniformed/unstable government, droughts, deforestation, debates, diseases, decreased trust in leaders, and abandonment of cities. The Mayan empire started in 2000 B.C.E. originating in Mexico but rapidly expanding to parts of Guatemala, El Salvador, and Honduras. Unlike other empires, the Mayan’s steered the other way with gender equality.…
press, 2003) who argues that the collapse of the Maya civilization was a result of military…