Cardinal Richelieu And French Absolutism

1. Since Cardinal Richelieu is the first minister of the crown, he had a policy that build up to French Absolutism which was having total subordination from all groups and institutions to the French monarchy by breaking the power of the nobles. It was broken up by reshuffling the royal council. He was taking over Henry IV who died before 1624, Richelieu would continue the legacy by lowering taxes and revive the annual tax in order to restore public order in France and foundations for the economy. Therefore later Louis XIV who is known as the “Sun King” took over the throne. To reach the greater level of French Absolutism, he had to achieve constituted collaboration with the nobility. After that he named Jean Baptiste Colbert, the controller of general of finances. Who would later manage the royal administration and chief of financial minister.
2. This is where King Charles I believed in the divine rights of kings, this would therefore anger the elected Parliament. Since he lost the war he was executed and England became republic. Later King Charles II was invited back to take the throne since he knows more how the English Monarchy works. This main issue allowed the government to collapse and the only way to restore was to have King Charles II take the throne. Soon the
Parliament replaced him with a protestant monarch which who they agreed to the Bill of Rights in 1689. It bans the King or Queen from making any kind a law from not using the Parliament, so the Parliament gained power while Monarchs lose power.
3.
Some of the unique characteristics during the seventeenth century was how it witnessed Dutch scientific, artistic, and literary achievement, also known as the “golden age of the Netherlands.” The Dutch are republican, controlled by wealthy merchants and financiers. The fishing industry was big for the Dutch’s economy was well as the Dutch merchant marine being the largest of Europe. Trade also gave the Dutch wealth using the Dutch East and West India commercial to trade spices and silks to bring to Europe. However due to the Spanish succession, the Dutch had trouble had a hard time in labor and financial resources, in 1715, the peace was signed ending the war but the economy starts to
decline.
4. The similarities between Austria and Prussia in terms of leadership, enemies, and social organization was that when Charles passed the Spanish throne and gave it to Louis XIV’s grandson, Austria and Prussia as well as England and Holland united against France to build the balance of power in Europe. Both were able to have the monarchs monopolize political power by imposing and collecting taxes whenever they want, maintaining permanent armies, and conducting relations with other states. However the difference is that for Austria, Ottoman Turks were foes of the Habsburgs. They would also build an empire of state and society where the land of the empire was the property of the sultan. Top ranks of the bureaucracy came from slave crops, they would then heavily slave tax them. The Hungarian nobles reduce their strength and would fully develop the Habsburg absolutism. For Prussia the princes lost political power, therefore having the nobles become the ruling class. Taxes were charged with consent and were dominated by the nobles also known as “Junkers.” The great elector also reduce the political power.
5. He westernize Russia by how he was interested in military power and sought how to gain overturning the regency in 1689. He wanted to be accepted as western power, equal among England and France. He wanted his country to be involved in wars. Some of the aspects of Russia that remained eastern was how lords enjoyed great large political power than what western had. However the power of peasants area really weak in the eastern. Also eastern Slavs were turned to Christianity and were under a single ruling family. They would also follow a path when absolutism was taking over having different types of monarchy everywhere.