Cell
Introduction and Chemistry of Life
Anatomy: the study of structure or shape of body parts and their relationship to each other.
Physiology: the study of function (how the parts work)
Levels of structural organization:
There is a hierarchy of structural complexity, beginning with the simplest or chemical level and culminating with the highest level-the whole organism
Chemical level – atoms (and their parts), and combinations of atoms called molecures
Cellular level – cells are the basic structural and functional units of life.
Tissue level – tissue are groups of similar cells (and their intercellular material), which work together toward a specific function. Examples include blood, muscle, nerves, ets mostly a common embryo group.
Organ level – a structure composed of two or more tissue types which work together to perform a function
System level (or organ system) – an association of organs, which cooperate to accomplish some purpose.
Organism level – the sum total, a collection of structurally and functionally integrated systems.
System names and functions
1. Integumentary system – forms the external body covering; protects deeper tissue from injury; synthesizes vitamin D; site of cutaneous receptors, and swear and oil glands.
2. Skeletal system –
3. Muscular System -
4. Nervous system -
5.
6.
Homeostasis
Homeostasis: the condition of maintain the body’s internal environment in a relatively constant state. (within limits… we are talking: steady temp, blood pressure, glucose level, etc.)
Stress: anything that disturbs or unbalances the internal environment (so homeostasis is a ceaseless process of activities in response to stresses – in an attempt to maintain equilibrium)
Homeostatic mechanisms: are those “mechanisms” which are generally “self regulating” and serve to maintain the homeostatic “steady state”.
Feedback systems: a conceptual way of viewing how homeostatic mechanisms operate… a control center monitors input and
Anatomy: the study of structure or shape of body parts and their relationship to each other.
Physiology: the study of function (how the parts work)
Levels of structural organization:
There is a hierarchy of structural complexity, beginning with the simplest or chemical level and culminating with the highest level-the whole organism
Chemical level – atoms (and their parts), and combinations of atoms called molecures
Cellular level – cells are the basic structural and functional units of life.
Tissue level – tissue are groups of similar cells (and their intercellular material), which work together toward a specific function. Examples include blood, muscle, nerves, ets mostly a common embryo group.
Organ level – a structure composed of two or more tissue types which work together to perform a function
System level (or organ system) – an association of organs, which cooperate to accomplish some purpose.
Organism level – the sum total, a collection of structurally and functionally integrated systems.
System names and functions
1. Integumentary system – forms the external body covering; protects deeper tissue from injury; synthesizes vitamin D; site of cutaneous receptors, and swear and oil glands.
2. Skeletal system –
3. Muscular System -
4. Nervous system -
5.
6.
Homeostasis
Homeostasis: the condition of maintain the body’s internal environment in a relatively constant state. (within limits… we are talking: steady temp, blood pressure, glucose level, etc.)
Stress: anything that disturbs or unbalances the internal environment (so homeostasis is a ceaseless process of activities in response to stresses – in an attempt to maintain equilibrium)
Homeostatic mechanisms: are those “mechanisms” which are generally “self regulating” and serve to maintain the homeostatic “steady state”.
Feedback systems: a conceptual way of viewing how homeostatic mechanisms operate… a control center monitors input and