Cell Injury
Cell injury
In this topic we are going to cover
Cell injury
Causes of cell injury
Mechanism of cell injury
Morphologic alterations in cell injury
Morphologic types of necrosis
Objectives
Describe cell injury
List the causes of cell injury
Discuss how depletion of ATP causes cell injury
Describe how mitochondrial damage cause cell injury
Explain the mechanism of cell injury by free radicals
Discuss how calcium ion influx cause cell injury
Cell injury cell injury results when cells are stressed so severely that they are no longer able to adapt or when cells are exposed to inherently damaging agents or suffer from intrinsic abnormalities. Injury may progress through a reversible stage and culminate in cell death Reversible cell injury. In early stages or mild forms of injury, the functional and morphologic changes are reversible if the damaging stimulus is removed.
Cell injury The hallmarks of reversible injury are reduced oxidative phosphorylation with resultant depletion of energy stores in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), and cellular swelling caused by changes in ion concentrations and water influx.
In addition, various intracellular organelles, such as mitochondria and the cytoskeleton, may also show alterations. Causes of Cell Injury
Oxygen Deprivation.
Hypoxia is a deficiency of oxygen, which causes cell injury by reducing aerobic oxidative respiration. Hypoxia is an extremely important and common cause of cell injury and cell death.
Causes of hypoxia include ischemia, cardiorespiratory failure, and decreased oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood, after severe blood loss. Depending on the severity of the hypoxic state, cells may adapt, undergo injury, or die.
Causes of Cell Injury
Physical Agents.
Physical agents capable of causing cell injury include mechanical trauma, extremes of temperature (burns and deep cold), sudden changes in atmospheric pressure, radiation, and electric shock.
In this topic we are going to cover
Cell injury
Causes of cell injury
Mechanism of cell injury
Morphologic alterations in cell injury
Morphologic types of necrosis
Objectives
Describe cell injury
List the causes of cell injury
Discuss how depletion of ATP causes cell injury
Describe how mitochondrial damage cause cell injury
Explain the mechanism of cell injury by free radicals
Discuss how calcium ion influx cause cell injury
Cell injury cell injury results when cells are stressed so severely that they are no longer able to adapt or when cells are exposed to inherently damaging agents or suffer from intrinsic abnormalities. Injury may progress through a reversible stage and culminate in cell death Reversible cell injury. In early stages or mild forms of injury, the functional and morphologic changes are reversible if the damaging stimulus is removed.
Cell injury The hallmarks of reversible injury are reduced oxidative phosphorylation with resultant depletion of energy stores in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), and cellular swelling caused by changes in ion concentrations and water influx.
In addition, various intracellular organelles, such as mitochondria and the cytoskeleton, may also show alterations. Causes of Cell Injury
Oxygen Deprivation.
Hypoxia is a deficiency of oxygen, which causes cell injury by reducing aerobic oxidative respiration. Hypoxia is an extremely important and common cause of cell injury and cell death.
Causes of hypoxia include ischemia, cardiorespiratory failure, and decreased oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood, after severe blood loss. Depending on the severity of the hypoxic state, cells may adapt, undergo injury, or die.
Causes of Cell Injury
Physical Agents.
Physical agents capable of causing cell injury include mechanical trauma, extremes of temperature (burns and deep cold), sudden changes in atmospheric pressure, radiation, and electric shock.