Central Nervous System

The nervous system comprises the central nervous system which is made up of the brain and spinal cord, with the main functions being processing information and determining responses and the peripheral nervous systems which is made up of all sensory, motor and inter neurons within the body and these are located on peripheral nerves. All of them work together to collect sensory data and also control the actions of the body. Sensory neurons collect sensory information and convey it to the brain, and motor neurons transmit the necessary signals to receptive tissues whilst inter neurons create circuits which creates communication pathways between the central nervous system and the two other neuron types. There are many sub neurons that fall under
Luteinizing hormone is created by the pituitary gland and it is very important in the reproductive process as it allows ovulation to take place, alongside follicle stimulating hormones. The intermediate pineal is responsible for the production of melatonin which is considered to regulate the biological clock in humans, as it helps the brain to synchronise to daylight. The parathyroid gland is an extension of the thyroid gland, though this produced a separate hormone named parathormone. This secretion aids with the distribution of calcium and phosphate throughout the body with is essential for good bone formation, growth and repair. The thymus is a gland that produces the hormone thymosin. This particular hormone is especially important to the immune response of the body as it promotes maturity in T-Lymphocytes as they travel from bone marrow to the thymus, and it also develops killer T cells. The pancreas is important in regulating the blood sugar levels within the body and to achieve this it secretes both hormones and enzymes. Islets of langerhans are located within the pancreas and aid in insulin and glucagon production while enzymes such as lipase, proteases and pancreatic amylase are created by the pancreas. Occasionally the body can produce antibodies that attack the pancreas
The outer consists of a white layer called the sclera. The front of the eye, in the area protected by the eyelids, the sclera is covered by the conjunctiva, which runs to the edge of the cornea the clear, curved layer in front of the iris and pupil. Light enters the eye through the cornea, the cornea serves as a protective covering for the front of the eye and also helps focus light on the retina at the back of the eye. After passing through the cornea, light travels through the pupil. The iris controls the amount of light that enters the eye. The pupil dilates and constricts as the amount of light in the immediate surroundings changes. The iris allows light into the eye when the environment is dark and allows less light into the eye when the environment is bright. The size of the pupil is controlled by the action of the pupillary sphincter muscle and dilator muscle. Behind the iris sits the lens. By changing its shape, the lens focuses light onto the retina. Through the action of ciliary muscles, the lens becomes thicker in order to focus on nearby objects and thinner to focus on distant objects. The most sensitive part of the retina is a small area called the macula, which has millions of tightly packed photoreceptors and each photoreceptor is linked to a nerve fibre that all bundled together to form the optic nerve. The optic disk, the first part of the optic nerve, is at the back of the eye. The