To begin between 1750 and 1850, most European colonies became politically independent. In a way, this was the consequence from the fiscal crises that was caused by the Seven Years War...this was primarily between France and Britain. The American colonists revoked against Britain's imposition of taxes and
ended up succeeding mostly because of French military support and financial. The distress from French financial is what led Louis XVI to call the Estates general, which then ignited the French Revolution. The motto liberty, equality and fraternity had been taken up by slaves in the French colony Saint Domingue in 1972. Haitian Revolution in 1804 was a success which led to further weakening of Portugal and Spain during the Napoleonic Wars, and also the spread of nationalism after French Revolution to create the series of independence movements in Latin America.
Next was the trans-Atlantic slave trade that came to an end in 1850 with the industrialization reducing the demand of labor and also increasing the supply of European dislocated labor. The enlightenment values and Haitian Revolution had also fed the abolitionist movement. Then Britain had led that by declaring Atlantic slave trade illegal back in 1807. By the 1840's the Europeans migrations to America set off the Africans migrations. Between 1750 and 1850 Saharan Africa changed from a source of labor to the source of land for the Europeans.
Britain was industrialized with resources from India and its relations was reversed with China. By 1828 silver had began to flow out of China as the British then established a huge Chinese market for the opium that was grown in India. Efforts to try an stop the inflow of the opium resulted with the British victory in First Opium War then next was the signing of the Treaty of Nanjing and that was in 1842.
To summarize the age of revolutions had dismantled the Atlantic system that was characterized by Europe drawing the wealth from colonies in the Americas by using slave labor in Africa. Instead Europe industrialized Britain economically and politically subordinate other parts of the world which included China, India and also the Middle east.