Chapter 3 The Body

Chapter 3 The Body

I. The cell

The cell is the basic unit of life in our bodies. It has many “little organs” in them called organelles. Organelles have very specific functions. One example of an organelle is the mitochondria.

Cells require nutrients and get rid of waste and live and die- just like us. II. Tissues, organs, organ systems

Cells group together and form  _____________________________
Some examples are:

Tissues group together and form  ______________________________
Some examples are:

Organs group together and form  _________________ ______________________
Some examples are:

If you put all of the organ systems together, you have the _____________________

All systems
interact with one another:

A. Pulmonary and Cardiovascular Systems
When we breathe in, we inhale what molecule? ________________________________________________________.

When we exhale, we release __________________________________________. CO2 is a waste product from cells.

Oxygen and carbon dioxide are carried by the

______________________________________________________ system.
B. Cardiovascular and Digestive Systems

Broken down (digested) food, except some fats, go from the

digestive system and enter the ___________________________________________. From there, the broken down food goes to the ______________________________.

The liver eventually processes everything that goes into your body.

C. Lymphatic and Digestive Systems

Some _____________________ from our diet enter very small lymph vessels in cells in our small intestine.

From there, they travel to the ___________________________________________________________.

D. Urinary and Cardiovascular Systems
Blood goes through your kidneys. Certain parts of your blood then become

________________________________________. This goes to your bladder and exits the body.

E. Endocrine (i.e. glands) and Digestive Systems
When we eat, our blood sugar rises and the pancreas reduces blood sugar by releasing a hormone called,

___________________________________. This takes blood sugar and puts it into cells where it can be processed into
energy.

The pancreas also releases digestive enzymes into the small intestines. Enzymes job in the intestines is to:
___________________________________________________________.

The pancreas also releases a hormone called ____________________________ which reacts when blood sugar is low. This allows the release of glycogen from the liver. Glycogen is stored sugar in mammals. Glucagon has the OPPOSITE affect on blood sugar vs. insulin.

F. Nervous and Digestive Systems

What triggers the hungry sensation?
a. empty stomach/no food
b. senses- smell, sight, taste trigger hormones from the

___________________________________________________.

Sensory and cognitive perceptions influence eating
a. sensory stimulation
b. social situation
c. cravings

Satiety = _____________________________________________________
a. stretch receptors in stomach send a message to the nervous system
b. nutrients indirectly stimulate nervous and hormonal changes that are sent to the brain