Civil Engineering

REPAIRS, REHABILITATION AND RETRO-FITTING | Significance of Ferrocement repairs | After, we in India, started manufacture of concrete in years 1930’s, the negative aspect of concrete started showing after sometime as below:- | - Deterioration due to poor workmanship, particularly high water content and corrosion of reinforcement and R.C.C. Technology being new. | - Leakages in concrete due to rain water as well as in water retaining structures | This menace become conspicuous after construction works which became old about 20 to 30 years. We started realizing the importance of water cement ratio that only since about 40 years before and we have become very much conscious and now most of our engineers try their best to have Water cement ratio to the extent of its requirement. Even then, we did not stop production of concrete with water content comparatively more. It had been accepted that concrete is heterogeneous material and theory of reinforced concrete design is on the basis of cracked section below neutral axis. With this acceptance, scores of water proof additives and other admixtures contributing to the increase in strength, durability, workability and waterproof quality of concrete have come into market. Now it is a foregone conclusion that you cannot have best quality of concrete unless admixtures are used in its manufacture. Also many instruments for diagnosis for defective concrete such as porosity, lamination of cement matrix with course aggregate, corrosion of reinforcement, location of corroded reinforcement, strength of concrete etc. have come in the market in a very big way. Systematic method of inspection observations with measurements of the defects in concrete in a qualitative and also in quantitative manner have been developed and schemes / system of management of diagnosis analysis to maintain / to restore water proof quality and repairs to its original strength have been developed. | All the above methods / system of