Classical Conditioning With Earthworms

In a study conducted by Ratner and Miller (1959) the topic was to demonstrate classical conditioning with earthworms. The subjects of the experiment were 32 earthworms. In this experiment the unconditioned stimulus was the bright light, the conditioned stimulus was the vibration, the unconditioned response and the conditioned response was the responsiveness. The earthworms were broken down into four groups by random selection. Presented with the light for
2 seconds, which overlapped with the conditioned stimulus and vibrates for 4 seconds, the experimental group (E) was given 100 conditioning trials with 50-second interval and 30 extinction trials with 50-second intervals. The next group was the vibration control group (V) those earthworms