Co Study Materials
Introduction & MIPS
http://handoutsuite.googlepages.com
0. Things you’ll be learning
– – a basic foundation about how computers work how to analyze their performance
1. What is Computer Organization? • Coordination of many levels of abstraction • Under a rapidly changing set of forces • Design, Measurement, and Evaluation
Why learn this stuff?
– – – to learn the inner parts and working of a computer you want to build better software you need to make a purchasing decision or offer “expert” advice
1.1 Under the Covers of a Computer
The five classic components of a computer are input, output, memory, datapath, and control, with the last two sometimes combined and called the processor. input: writes data to memory output: reads data from memory datapath: performs the arithmetic operations control: tells the datapath, memory and I/O devices what to do according to the wishes of the instructions of the program
an
do
ut
su
it
e.
go
og
le ht tp :/ /h or A simplified view of hardware and software as hierarchical layer
Computer Organization – Module 1
Two different figures showing the organization of a computer, showing the five classic components
pa
ge
-An abstraction omits unneeded helps us cope with complexity
detail,
s.
co
0.1 What is happening below Your Program?
m
1
Introduction & MIPS
http://handoutsuite.googlepages.com
Little bit of History
“Where . . . the ENIAC is equipped with 18,000 vacuum tubes and weighs 30 tons, computers in the future may have 1,000 vacuum tubes and perhaps weigh just 11/2 tons.
Popular Mechanics, March 1949”!!!
1.2.1 Performance Benchmark • Benchmarks used to compare performance of two computers by running the same set of representative programs Good benchmark provides good targets for development. Bad benchmark cannot identify speedup that helps real applications Performance best determined by running a real application
e.g., compilers/editors,
http://handoutsuite.googlepages.com
0. Things you’ll be learning
– – a basic foundation about how computers work how to analyze their performance
1. What is Computer Organization? • Coordination of many levels of abstraction • Under a rapidly changing set of forces • Design, Measurement, and Evaluation
Why learn this stuff?
– – – to learn the inner parts and working of a computer you want to build better software you need to make a purchasing decision or offer “expert” advice
1.1 Under the Covers of a Computer
The five classic components of a computer are input, output, memory, datapath, and control, with the last two sometimes combined and called the processor. input: writes data to memory output: reads data from memory datapath: performs the arithmetic operations control: tells the datapath, memory and I/O devices what to do according to the wishes of the instructions of the program
an
do
ut
su
it
e.
go
og
le ht tp :/ /h or A simplified view of hardware and software as hierarchical layer
Computer Organization – Module 1
Two different figures showing the organization of a computer, showing the five classic components
pa
ge
-An abstraction omits unneeded helps us cope with complexity
detail,
s.
co
0.1 What is happening below Your Program?
m
1
Introduction & MIPS
http://handoutsuite.googlepages.com
Little bit of History
“Where . . . the ENIAC is equipped with 18,000 vacuum tubes and weighs 30 tons, computers in the future may have 1,000 vacuum tubes and perhaps weigh just 11/2 tons.
Popular Mechanics, March 1949”!!!
1.2.1 Performance Benchmark • Benchmarks used to compare performance of two computers by running the same set of representative programs Good benchmark provides good targets for development. Bad benchmark cannot identify speedup that helps real applications Performance best determined by running a real application
e.g., compilers/editors,