Coma
COMA
Coma is classically defined as loss of mobility, sensation and consciousness with preservation of autonomic functions. Coma is caused by dysfunction of either or both the reticular activating system and cerebral cortex. The most common cause of coma are toxic\ metabolic de-arrangement, which are potentially treatable and reverersible. The big three are toxic/metabolic causes, trauma and stroke.
CAUSES
1. Brain cancer
2. Concussion
3. Diabetes
4. Drug abuse
5. Encephalitis
6. Kidney failure
7. Meningitis
8. Pre- eclampsia
9. Rabies
10. Reyes syndrome
11. Stroke
12. Vasovagal syncope
13. Postural hypotension
14. Hyperventilation
15. Cardiac arrhythmia
16. Hypoxia
17. Hypoglycaemia
18. Vertebra basilar transient ischemic attack
19. Epilepsy
TYPES
• Toxic-metabolic encephalopathy. This is an acute condition of brain dysfunction with symptoms of confusion and/or delirium. The condition is usually reversible. The causes of toxic-metabolic encephalopathy are varied. They include systemic illness, infection, organ failure, and other conditions.
• Anoxic brain injury. This is a brain condition caused by total lack of oxygen to the brain. Lack of oxygen for a few minutes causes cell death to brain tissues. Anoxic brain injury may result from heart attack (cardiac arrest), head injury or trauma, drowning, drug overdose, or poisoning.
• Persistent vegetative state. This is a state of severe unconsciousness. The person is unaware of his or her surroundings and incapable of voluntary movement. With a persistent vegetative state, someone may progress to wakefulness but with no higher brain function. With persistent vegetative state, there is breathing, circulation, and sleep-wake cycles.
• Locked-in syndrome. This is a rare neurological condition. The person is totally paralyzed except for the eye muscles, but remains awake and alert and with a normal mind.
• Brain death. This is an irreversible cessation of all brain
Coma is classically defined as loss of mobility, sensation and consciousness with preservation of autonomic functions. Coma is caused by dysfunction of either or both the reticular activating system and cerebral cortex. The most common cause of coma are toxic\ metabolic de-arrangement, which are potentially treatable and reverersible. The big three are toxic/metabolic causes, trauma and stroke.
CAUSES
1. Brain cancer
2. Concussion
3. Diabetes
4. Drug abuse
5. Encephalitis
6. Kidney failure
7. Meningitis
8. Pre- eclampsia
9. Rabies
10. Reyes syndrome
11. Stroke
12. Vasovagal syncope
13. Postural hypotension
14. Hyperventilation
15. Cardiac arrhythmia
16. Hypoxia
17. Hypoglycaemia
18. Vertebra basilar transient ischemic attack
19. Epilepsy
TYPES
• Toxic-metabolic encephalopathy. This is an acute condition of brain dysfunction with symptoms of confusion and/or delirium. The condition is usually reversible. The causes of toxic-metabolic encephalopathy are varied. They include systemic illness, infection, organ failure, and other conditions.
• Anoxic brain injury. This is a brain condition caused by total lack of oxygen to the brain. Lack of oxygen for a few minutes causes cell death to brain tissues. Anoxic brain injury may result from heart attack (cardiac arrest), head injury or trauma, drowning, drug overdose, or poisoning.
• Persistent vegetative state. This is a state of severe unconsciousness. The person is unaware of his or her surroundings and incapable of voluntary movement. With a persistent vegetative state, someone may progress to wakefulness but with no higher brain function. With persistent vegetative state, there is breathing, circulation, and sleep-wake cycles.
• Locked-in syndrome. This is a rare neurological condition. The person is totally paralyzed except for the eye muscles, but remains awake and alert and with a normal mind.
• Brain death. This is an irreversible cessation of all brain