The author’s have a background in law, specifically he was a Special Assistant Attorney for the United States, who persecuted people with midsummeror in the District of Columbia in 1990. who mainly persecuted those with misdemeanor crimes. The author did not just write this article for the sake of writing an article, he wants to answer a specific question. “…what role race should play in black juror’s decisions to acquit defendants in criminal cases.” In this articles he hopes to get that point across that the American criminal justice system needs to change. He does not only want to tear it down because for its treatment of African-Americans but he wants to build it back up in a way that treats everyone equally.…
All these theories have similarities between each other and the similarities are that the theories focuses on the good side of people, justify the good, and how people want to reach for excellence. On the other hand, the differences between these theories are that the theories start with morality and ethics. With deontology ethics discusses the person’s perseverance to the gratitude of doing the right action. This explains people who can reach the top of rightness on their own, which can endorse into a state of good society The virtue theory explains a person’s personality or characteristic such as taming excellence. Running to excellence is not something that can be hard quickly and easy. Thinking of what which choice is the best choice in a person’s life or someone else’s. Utilitarianism opens up with ethical and morality problems by explaining the sense of balance of good consequences over the bad ones. The morality relating…
Humanistic theories concentrate in the present rather than the past or future. Also, decisions that individuals take reflect on their actions, and whether these actions are positive or negative there is a sense of responsibility for them (Allpsych online, n.d.). According to Carl Rogers a theorists who studied and concentrated on humanistic approach along with Maslow, every individual is different, but every single person is valuable to the environment where they live. Each individual has a purpose in life and their everyday goal is to grow and reach their fullest…
Immanuel Kant was a German philosopher from the 18th century who is well known as an essential person in philosophy today. He has made the argument that there are a set of essential ideas that structure human experience and is the source of morality. His thought continues to have a major influence in contemporary thought, especially the fields of metaphysics, epistemology, ethics, political philosophy, and aesthetics. Kant’s theory on morality as often been criticized on being too…
“Beauty is an integral quality of the soul and God. If God is beautiful, the entire universe has to be beautiful. There can be nothing ugly in the universe.” (Hindu Janajagruti Samiti)¬¬…
This essay aims to argue the views of two different theorist, Jeremy Bentham and Immanuel Kant, with regards to their views on moral worth of an action. The idea of good and bad creates heated debates among many, but this essay will successfully unravel the layers of Bentham’s theory of Utilitarianism and his belief that all our motives are driven by pleasure and pain. While arguing Kant’s opposing argument that moral worth of an act revolves around democratic attitudes, and that moral truths are founded on reasons that is logical to all people. When one breaks down both theories, it occurs that Kant’s theory comes out to be the more sensible one in numerous aspects.…
I believe the theory which makes most sense is Jeremy Bentham’s theory of the hedonic calculus. However due to many decisions and actions having to be made in a matter of seconds, I can’t see it being practical in everyday life. The process of the hedonic calculus can take a matter of hours let alone minuets, and by following the process step-by step the decision that had to be made may have already passed. In relation to John mills theory of maximum pleasure and minimal pain, I strongly disagree that this is the correct answer for many ethical situations. Everyone’s pleasures are different and individual, for you to make a decision this can become a hindrance as it’s hard to define how to receive the maximum happiness from every individual. Using this theory in just a situation when it’s just your happiness involved however is a simple process, as you will know your preferences and what makes you happy. However when using this theory in a situation with more than one person it becomes a very complicated situation.…
I agree with John Stuart Mills argument that happiness is the only basic good. Mill argues that basic goods create the maximum amount of happiness; which follows the principle of utilitarianism. In an article comparing Mills view on utilitarianism, it states “happiness is linked to morality. For instance, in general, it backs up murder’s being wrong, lying, rights.”(Mesacc, n.d.). I agree with Mills argument more than Kants theory because in most cases, people want the greatest amount of happiness not only for themselves, but for their close ones as well. Good will according to Kant’s theories has no limitations. Back to the Anne Frank example, the greatest amount of happiness would have been Anne Frank and her close relatives and for the person opening the door not to tell the Nazis she was there. The Nazis were only there because it was their duty to restrain all Jewish people at training…
Confucianism is similar to Judaism in that the requirements of followers are nearly nonexistent, but the two religions differ in factors of origin and ideas on gender relations.…
Starting from the founding of the United States, dating all the way to 1835, slavery was a commonly held practice throughout the United States of America. Although less popular and to a much lesser scale in the north, the problem still existed. During these times slavery was not looked at so much as a problem, but rather an economic opportunity. Because of slavery, the plantations in the United States flourished, producing vast quantities of product to sell for large profits. Charles Post in his work “The American Crucible: Slavery, Emancipation and Human Rights” defends this when saying that, “From the seventeenth century, the slave plantations in the New World were simultaneously integrated into an increasingly capitalist world market.”…
During times of Han China and early India, Confucianism and Hinduism had similarities in actions of believers and differences in origin and ways to achieve higher social class.…
Hume and Kant offered two differing views on morality. Hume's philosophy regarding moral theory came from the belief that reason alone can never cause action. Desire or thoughts cause action. Because reason alone can never cause action, morality is rooted in us and our perception of the world and what we want to gain from it. Virtue arises from acting on a desire to help others. Hume's moral theory is therefore a virtue-centered morality rather than the natural-law morality, which saw morality as coming from God. Kant's notion of morality stems from his notion of one universal moral law. This law is pertinent to all people and can be used at all times before carrying our actions According to Kant, you ought to act according to the maxim that is qualified for universal law giving; that is, you ought to act so that the maxim of your action may become a universal law. While Hume and Kant's moral theory differ dramatically, they share one quality and that is the fact that neither centers around the concept of God and his will.…
Unitarian Universalism can trace their roots back to Christian Protestantism. Unitarianism developed in the Common Era as a belief that all people would be saved. The first Unitarian Churches were established in sixteenth-century Transylvania. These Churches continue to worship today. Universalism was developed in America in the late 1700’s and was established in Boston. It was not until the early 1960’s did these separate religious groups Unitarian and Universalism united to form what is now Unitarian Universalism. The religion is very much theologically liberal and it is supported by the notion that a free and responsible search for truth and meaning is important.…
One of the most deeply felt, powerful and influential forces in today’s society is Religion. Religion in many societies shapes relationships, communities and even politics. Many turn to religion and believing in a godly being when in need of direction, strength and simply needing someone to vent to. Believing in a God during a difficult time can give individuals the hope and inner strength needed to make it through whatever situation they might be enduring. Religious faith also gives some people peace of mind when contemplating death, and also believing in the existence of an afterlife. A perpetuity with one’s savior seems to be a far greater privilege than life on earth, or anything one could theorize.…
It is the consequentialist theory, where the emphasis is on consequences, not intentions. The classical utilitarianism theoy of John Stuart Mill and Jeremy Bentham agreed that actions are judeged by the virtures of their consequences and also added that the pursuit and the production of happiness should be taken into consideration. This theory is summarized in three claims known as the consequentialist claim, the happiness claim and the objectivity claim. Claim one states that the actions are to be judged right or wrong solely by the virtue of their consequences. The second claim of happiness states that the only thing that matters when assessing the consequences of an action is the amount of happiness or unhappiness that is created, everything else being irrelevant. And finally, the third claim of objectivity when measuring the amount of happiness resulted by the consequence of an action, each person’s happiness should be counted as equally important. According to utilitarianism views we are to do whatever will increase the amount of happiness in the…