Mouse is a hand-operated electronic device that controls the coordinates of a cursor on your computer screen as you move it around on a pad. The main goal of any mouse is to translate the motion of your hand into signals that the computer can use.
The mouse was first invented by Douglas Engelbart in 1964 and consisted of a wooden shell, circuit board and two metal wheels that came into contact with the surface it was being used on. Six years after Engelbart made the mouse they gave it the name of “Mouse” because it had the tail that came out of it to connect to the computer.
In 1972 that Bill English developed the design further by inventing what is known as the "Ball Mouse" that we know today. The ball replaced the wheels and was capable of monitoring movement in any direction. The ball came into contact with two rollers that in turn spun wheels with graduations on them that could be turned into electrical pulses representing direction and speed. After about another 8 more years later, an optical mouse was developed in around 1980, eliminating the ball which often became dirty from rolling round the desktop, negatively affecting its operation. In the beginning the optical mouse was not widely used because it was far too expensive. However In around 1998 with the increase in microcontroller processing power and the reduction in component costs that optical mice started to grow its popularity.
Today the optical mouse has completely replaced the ball mouse being supplied as standard with all new computers.
There are five key important parts inside a mechanical mouse; ball, two rollers, shaft, infrared LED and a infrared sensor, on board processor chip.
Basically the ball inside the mouse touches the desktop and rolls when the mouse moves. The two rollers are almost connected to the ball. One of the roller is oriented so that it detects motion in the X direction, and the other is oriented 90 degrees to the first roller so it detects motion in