Table of Contents
Introduction
Part One: Violence against women
The Problem
Consequences of violence
Origins of violence
Part Two: Treatment/Intervention models
Service and treatment options
Medications
Community Treatment/Intervention
Part Three: Client/Family participation
Client participation
Family involvement
Part Four: Special needs
Abuse of women with disabilities
Equity/ Access to treatment
Part Five: Parties’ promotion of various positions and their critical analysis
Promotion the realization of Women’s Human Rights
Critical analysis of various positions
Conclusion
References
I. Introduction a. General overview of the topic
Violence against women happens in every country all over the world. There is no country in which women are not exposed to some kind of violence. Women and children around the world, across lines of income, class and traditional views, are exposed to physical, sexual and psychological abuse, domestic abuse, inequality, and, in addition, lack of human rights. Worldwide, at least one in every three women is beaten, forced into sex, or abused in some way, most frequently by someone she knows, including her spouse or another male in the family. Violence relates to the lack of human rights, and to legal, economical, and public health problems as well. It influences all areas of the world and is a crucial problem that needs research initiatives directed at the improvement of universal understanding. b. Purpose and Objective
This paper collects and analyses the latest data and samples corresponding to the study of counseling abused women and identifies the most pertinent intervention and treatment of abused women that occurs all over the world. It also highlights the current problems such as lack of funding and political party’s involvement, especially in the developing countries. Finally, the document provides pointers to the most
References: 1. Adewole, I.F. (1992). ‘Trends in postabortal mortality and morbidity in Ibadan, Nigeria’. International Journal of Gynecology and Obstetrics, p. 115. 2. America Medical Association on Scientific Affairs (1992). ‘Violence against women: relevance for medical practitioners’. Journal of the American Medical Association, p. 3185. 3. Ammerman, R. T., Van Hasselt, V. B., Hersen, M., McGonigle, J. J., & Lubetsky, M. J. (1989). ‘Abuse and neglect in psychiatrically hospitalized multihandicapped children’. Child Abuse & Neglect, 13, p. 335-343. 4. Andrews, A. B., & Veronen, L. J. (1993). ‘Sexual assault and people with disabilities. Special issue: Sexuality and disabilities: A guide for human service practitioners’. Journal of Social Work and Human Sexuality, 8(2), p. 137-159. 5. Asch, A., Fine, M. (1988). ‘Introduction: Beyond Pedestals. In: Fine, M., & Asch, A. (Eds.) Women with disabilities: Essays in psychology, culture, and politics’. Philadelphia, PA: Temple University Press, p. 247. 6. Barker, G. (1992). ‘Adolescent fertility: Strategies for a new generation’. Washington, D.C., Center for Population Options, p. 25. 7. Bennett, L., Lawson, M. (1994). ‘Barriers to cooperation between domestic-violence and substance-abuse programs’. Families in Society, p. 277. 8. British Columbia Task Force on Family Violence by DAWN Canada (1992). Disabled Women 's Network Canada, p. 208. 9. Bruyniks, N.P. (1994). ‘Reproductive health in central and eastern Europe: Priorities and needs’. Patient Education and Counseling 23(3): 203-215. 10. Coker, A.L.; Smith, P.H.; McKeown, R.E.; et al. (2000). ‘Frequency and correlates of intimate partner violence by type: Physical, sexual, and psychological battering’. American Journal of Public Health, p. 553-559. 11. Datta, Sharma, Razack, Ghosh, Arora (1980). ‘Morbidity pattern amongst rural pregnant women in Alwar’, Rajasthan, p. 285. 12. Davies, M. (1994). ‘Women and Violence: Realities and responses worldwide’, London: Zed Books. 13. Denver, CO (2001). National Coalition against Domestic Violence, p. 217. 14. Djohan, E., Indrawasih, R., Adenan, M., Yudomustopo, H., Tan, M.G. (1993). ‘The attitudes of health providers towards abortion’, p.32. 15. Flitcraft, A., Stark, E. (1996). ‘Women At Risk: Domestic Violence and Women 's Health, Thousand Oaks’, CA: Sage Publications. 16. Frejka, T., Atkin, L.C., Toro, O.L. (1989), Program document: Research program for the prevention of unsafe induced abortion and its adverse consequences, Center for Policy Studies. Mexico City, Population Council, p. 124. 17. Groves, B., Zuckerman, B. (1997). Interventions with parents and caregivers of children who are exposed to violence. In Children in a violent society. J.D. Osofsky, ed. New York: Guilford Press, p. 183. 18. Helping the Battered Woman, A Guide for Family and Friends. (1997). Washington, DC: National Woman Abuse Prevention Project, p. 68. 19 20. Kessler, R. C., Foster, C., Webster, P. S., House, J. S. (1992). ‘The relationship between age and depressive symptoms in two national surveys’. The Psychology of Ageing, p. 119. 21 22. Littlewood, R. (1997). Military rape. Anthropology Today, p. 15. 23. National Center for Injury Prevention and Control. (2000). "Rape Fact Sheet." Atlanta: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, p. 97. 24 25. Nichols, D., Ladipo, O.A., Paxman, J.M., Otolorin, E.O. (1986). Sexual behavior, contraceptive practice, and reproductive health among Nigerian adolescents. Studies in Family Planning, p. 102. 26. Nosek, M.A., Howland, C.A., & Young, M.E. (1998). ‘Abuse of Women with Disabilities: Policy Implications’. Journal of Disability Policy Studies 8, p. 158-175. 27. Nosek, M.A., Rintala, D.H., Young, M.E., Howland, C.A., Foley, C.C., Rossi, C.D., & Chanpong, G. (1995). ‘Sexual functioning among women with physical disabilities’. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, p. 107-115. 28. Oakley, D. (1994). ‘Rethinking patient counseling techniques for changing contraceptive use behavior’. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, p.158. 29. Oklahoma City (2000). Oklahoma Coalition Against Domestic Violence and Sexual Assault, p.57. 30. Peled, E., Edleson, J. (1995). Process and outcome in small groups for children of battered women. In ending the cycle of violence: Community responses to children of battered women. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, p. 34. 31. Pynoos, R.S., Eth, S. (1984). ‘The woman as a witness to homicide’. Journal of Social Issues, p. 108. 32. Safety First: Battered Women Surviving Violence When Alcohol And Drugs Are Involved. (1999). St. Paul, MN: Domestic Abuse Project Advocates and the Minnesota Coalition for Battered Women, p. 18. 33. Singh, S., Cabigon, J.V. Hossain, A., Kamal, H., Perez, A.E. (1997). ‘Estimating the level of abortion in the Philippines and Bangladesh’. International Family Planning Perspectives, p. 105. 34. Sobsey, D., Doe, T. (1991). ‘Patterns of sexual abuse and assault. Sexuality and Disability’, 9(3), p. 243-260. 35. Steele Verme, C., Happer, P.B., Misra, G., Neamatalla, G.S. (1993). ‘Family planning counseling: An evolving process’. International Family Planning Perspectives, 1993, p. 67. 36. Syers-McNairy, M. (1990). ‘Women who leave violent relationships: Getting on with life’. Unpublished doctoral dissertation. University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, p. 42. 37. Tolman, R.M., Bennett, L.W. (1990). ‘A review of quantitative research on men who batter’. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 5, p. 87-118. 38. United Nations Population Fund (2000). “The State of World Population 2000: Chapter 6: Women’s Rights are Human Rights”, p. 37. 39. United States: Agency for International development (AID). (1996). Office of population. The role of family planning in preventing abortion. Washington, D.C., AID, p. 7. 40. Ustin, T. B., Sartorius, N. (1995). ‘Mental illness in General Health Care: An international study’. John Wiley on behalf of the World Health Organization, p. 35. 43. Welbourne, A., Lipschitz, S., Selvin, H., & Green, R. (1983). ‘A comparison of the sexual learning experiences of visually impaired and sighted women’. Journal of Visual Impairment and Blindness, 77, p. 256-259.