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Study of crime and criminal behavior
Since the organization of the first police departments, whose purpose is to react to crime as it occurs, there has been interest devoted to the study of crime and criminal activity which is now known as criminology. Over time this field of study has developed into a broad and highly interdisciplinary field. Based upon theories old and new, and through the cooperation of the many disciplines involved, these dedicated professionals examine crime and criminal behavior to compile and compare statistical data. Utilizing these same theories, and disciplines within …show more content…
The modern definition of the study of crime, or criminology can be a challenge in itself, due to the fact that as noted, criminological studies have come to embrace a wide variety of issues related to criminal behavior. These may include, but are not limited to investigative research regarding the effects of laws meant to reduce crime, statistical studies of crime patterns, the causes behind the criminal activity, as well as the results of recidivism rates obtained through administrative justice actions, such as detainment methods, punishment, treatment and rehabilitation. Criminologists are also interested in exploring the ways that society views and responds to criminal …show more content…
The search for answers, and the theories and studies regarding how, where, or why certain individuals learn to commit crimes are found to be as diverse as those employed in researching criminal acts. To begin, it can be said that learning may be defined as “habits and knowledge that develop as a result of experiences with the environment, as opposed to instincts, drives, reflexes, and genetic predispositions”(Hale.2006). The main theories of learning, of interest to the study of criminology include associationism, behaviorism, and imitation. These theories are based on the belief, within the field of criminology, “that criminality is a function of individual socialization, how individuals have been influenced by their experiences, or by family relationships, peer groups, and teachers” (Hale.2006), as well as other environmental