This case is found in your textbook: Case Mysteries in Pathophysiology by Patricia Neafsey, page 19.…
The DL3 metal detector was set to the 28# DD94 setting. A bag of 28# DD94 was passed through the metal detector, and it did not alarm. This bag was used to test all three metal detection standards (Ferrous, Non-Ferrous and Stainless Steel). All three metal detection standards alarmed the metal detector. The returned sample was then run through the detector on the top center of the bag of 28# DD94, and it did not alarm. The returned sample was run through the metal detector by placing it on the belt, and it did not alarm. Based on the testing that was conducted, it seems that the shape/size of the material may have allowed it to pass through the metal detector without being…
is currently diagnosed with arthrosclerosis, which she states has been the biggest effect of smoking she has seen play out on her body. Other than that, D.B. states she has been told she is very healthy for someone who has been smoking for over four decades. D.B. however did suffer from a heart attack about 30 years ago, this was primarily due to the stress and grievance that came from her youngest daughters unexpected death. Overall, D.B. states that she does not think her arthrosclerosis permits her from doing any of her daily activities and she rarely, if ever, has felt short of breath. D.B. also proudly expressed that she has now quit smoking for over a month and a half, “which is not a lot, but it is progress”- she…
Patients with COPD develops this disease over a long period time and is untreatable. This disease develops when the patient has been smoking for a long time where he/she inhales harmful or poisonous particles or gases that leads to inflammation of airways where patient would experience airflow limitations and airflow destruction. During inflammation the cytokines is being activated which serves as a communication between cells such as neutrophils, macrophages, lymphocytes, leukotriens, interleukines, and tumor necrosis factor into the bronchial wall (Lewis et al., 2014). This results to structural changes in the lungs and regulate inflammatory and immune response such as continuous bronchial inflammation…
Books cited: Becker’s world of the cell: J. Hardin, G. Bertoni, and L. Kleinsmith: 8th edition; pgs.343-345 & pgs. 356-358…
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a progressive, non-reversible disease that makes breathing difficult. COPD is characterized by coughing, often productive; wheezing; shortness of breath; and chest tightness. The leading cause of COPD is cigarette smoking (National Institutes of Health, 2013). While 85 % of COPD patients are or were smokers, only 10-25 percent of smokers develop COPD, suggesting that a genetic predisposition may also be a factor (Warren, 2012). COPD is the third leading cause of death and major cause of disability in the United States (National Institutes of Health, 2013).…
Smoking is risk factor for autoimmune diseases. The immune system protects the human body from diseases, infections, and other organisms that can harm the human body. Autoimmune diseases are diseases that affects the immune system. This cause the immune system to attack healthy cells, mistaking them as foreign, in your body. Some autoimmune disorders caused by cigarettes are diabetes, Crohn’s disease, and rheumatoid arthritis. Type 2 diabetes is known to be linked with smoking cigarettes. The chemicals in tobacco can diseases that harm you heart and blood cells. For example, Atherosclerosis and Peripheral arterial disease are diseases that can build up plague in arteries. Also, smoking can cause chronic obstructive pulmonary disease which is a major disease that causes shortness of breath, chest tightness, wheezing, and other symptoms that gets worst over time. Asthma is a disease in which a person’s airways become inflamed, narrow and swell causing it harder to breathe. Smoking cigarettes can cause someone to have a serious asthma…
Chronic inflammation plays a major role in COPD pathophysiology. Smoking and other airway irritants cause neutrophils, T-lymphocytes, and other inflammatory cells to accumulate in the airways. Once activated, they trigger an inflammatory response in which an influx of molecules, known as inflammatory mediators, navigate to the site in an attempt to destroy and remove inhaled foreign debris.…
Smoking is one of the high-risk influences on human beings. According to World Health Organization (2013), 6 millions of smokers who killed by tobacco each year in the worldwide, and more than five million adults dead by smoking-related causes. A brief statistics shows that causing approximately 36% of deaths from lung diseases, 28% of deaths from cancers and 14% of deaths from heart diseases (Action on Smoking and Health, 2013). Meanwhile, it is a fact that issues about smokers who have quit smoking, but who, within a short period, return to smoking again have aroused widespread concerns. Therefore, researchers are paying increasing attention to preventive approaches…
Metabolic acidosis due to low serum bicarbonate and low pH from the body’s metabolic process…
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, or COPD, is a long-term disease that causes breathing problems. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is the third leading cause of death worldwide. COPD, however, is a heterogeneous collection of diseases with differing causes, pathogenic mechanisms, and physiological effects. Therefore a comprehensive approach to COPD prevention will need to address the complexity of COPD. Advances in the understanding of the natural history of COPD and the development of strategies to assess COPD in its early stages make prevention a reasonable, if ambitious,…
Smoking causes the majority of lung cancers in smokers. The amount of lung cancer is powerfully connected with cigarette smoking, with about 90% of lung cancers rising ,as a result of tobacco use. The risk of lung cancer rises with the number of cigarettes smoked over time; doctors state to this risk in terms of pack-years of smoking history. Doctors believe smoking causes lung cancer by damaging the cells that mark the lungs. When one breathes in cigarette smoke, which is full of cancer-causing materials, changes in the lung tissue begin almost rapidly. In the beginning one’s body may be able to heal this harm. Even so, with each frequent exposure, normal cells that line one’s lungs are gradually damaged. As time passed, the damage leads cells to act oddly and finally cancer can progress.…
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is an irreversible debilitating disease of the airway that is currently the fourth leading cause of death in the United States and is rising. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is treatable but currently there is no known cure and it is a major cause of morbidity and mortality. COPD causes reduction in airflow during the ventilation cycle due to the loss of air way elasticity, narrowing of the airways, chronic airways inflammation and over active mucous production (Frace, 2008). Known risk factors for development of COPD include tobacco use (including second hand smoke), air pollution, dust and exposure to chemicals used in the production of coal, cotton and grain. There are many complications of COPD, the most common are pneumonia, pneumothorax, cor pulmonale, atelectasis, and in severe cases there maybe respiratory insufficiency and failure (Bare, Cheever, Hinkle, & Smeltzer, 2010).…
dendritic cells in lung tissues of smokers with and without chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Chinese Medical Journal, 123(12). Retreived from http://www.cmj.org/Periodical/PDF/200481469383420.pdf…
Lung cancer is the most common cancer worldwide, and the leading cause of cancer-related morbidity and mortality1. Cigarette smoking is firmly established as a causative agent for lung cancer, although about 80 percent of people who develop lung cancer nowadays are non-smokers 2,3. Inflammatory lung processes, such as obstructive pulmonary disease, emphysema, chronic bronchitis, pneumonia and tuberculosis are also known risk factors for lung cancer, with significant effects observed for pneumonia and tuberculosis among never smokers4,5,6.…