In the election of 1868, General Ulysses S. Grant, the most popular northern hero to emerge from the Civil War, became president. Grant ran on the Republican ticket with the slogan, “Let us have peace” against the Democratic candidate Horatio Seymour. The Republican platform endorsed the Reconstruction policy of Congress, payment of the national debt with gold, and cautious defense of black suffrage. Unfortunately, the qualities that had made Grant a fine military leader did not serve him well as president.…
Franco-Dutch War, commonly referred to simply as the Dutch War, was a conflict in which France attacked the Spanish Netherlands (1), a territory in the Low Countries controlled by Spain (2). In 1670, England and France signed the Treaty of Dover, uniting them against the Dutch (1). When French forces under Louis XIV invaded the Netherlands, Dutch armies flooded vast portions of the country by opening the dikes, impeding French movement. William III of Orange, the Dutch monarch, oversaw the naval defense of key Dutch regions. Sweden united with France in gaining territory in the Spanish Netherlands and on the Rhine River. With assistance from Spain, the Holy Roman Empire, and Lorraine, the Dutch successfully resisted further French advancement.…
Historians have argued inconclusively for years over the prime reason for Confederate defeat in the Civil War. The book Why the North Won the Civil War outlines five of the most agreed upon causes of Southern defeat, each written by a highly esteemed American historian. The author of each essay does acknowledge and discuss the views of the other authors. However, each author also goes on to explain their botheration and disagreement with their opposition. The purpose of this essay is to summarize each of the five arguments presented by Richard N. Current, T. Harry Williams, Norman A. Graebner, David Herbert Donald, and David M. Potter. Each author gives his insight on one of the following five reasons: economic, military, diplomatic, social, and political, respectively.…
’’ Both the North and South yielded and gained something. The South won the prize of Missouri as an unrestricted slave state and the North won the concession that Congress could forbid slavery in the remaining territories. The fact that the immense area north of 36° 30', except Missouri, was forever closed to the blight of slavery was gratifying to many northerners. Yet the restriction on future slavery in the territories was not unduly offensive to the slaveowners, partly because the northern prairie land did not seem suited…
Many thought his loss could mean the end of war while Southerners held this hope but in the end Lincoln did get elected the Northerners saw a clear victory. This is because of this election and the past Northern victories at Gettysburg and Vicksburg and Sherman’s march. Also Lincoln’s strong leadership along with Grants very strong leadership. The Northerners demanded a permanent end to slavery. The South hated this, so they kept pushing hard and so did we after Lincoln's re-election.…
There are constant debates on why did the South lose the Civil War. The Civil War ended 150 years ago but that has not affected historians to question the outcome of the war for the Confederacy. According to Gary Gallagher, many historians work backward starting from Appomattox to explain the failure of the war. He continues by stating that those historians claim the reasoning for the failure was caused by the lack will to win the war by the Confederates. Gary Gallagher disagrees with these methods historians use. Gary Gallagher believes that the best way to understand why the Confederates lost the Civil War takes a different approach. This is Gary W. Gallagher’s thesis in his The Confederate War is “Why did so many Confederates fight for so long? Until this question receives the detailed attention long accorded the first, the history of the Confederacy will remain imperfectly understood” (17).…
Unsurprisingly, the Commission granted Hayes the electoral votes, meaning that he had beaten Tilden by only one electoral vote. Tensions continued to rise, however, as many Democrats refused to accept the legitimacy of Hayes’s victory. In order to end the crisis and avert disorder, the “Compromise of 1877” was reached, in which Hayes’s legitimacy as President was accepted in exchange for the withdrawal of all federal troops from the South, ending the process of Reconstruction.…
The compromise of 1877. The Republicans agreed to pull out their troops from the south if the Democrats gave up in Hayes's election.…
According to the former New York Senator William Seward, the American Civil War arose as a consequence of irrepressible conflict between opposing forces. He believed that had there been a compromise between these forces then the nation could have avoided the war. The paper agrees with the senator's views and takes the perceptive that these opposing forces and not just the failure to compromise by politicians were the origins of the war. Politicians could only have achieved so much, but these opposing forces held a stronger bargaining power than the politicians. The paper discusses these forces and concludes by offering a compromise that could have forestalled the war.…
President Johnson took a lenient approach and saw the achievement of the main war goals as realized in 1865, when each ex-rebel state repudiated secession and ratified the Thirteenth Amendment. Radical Republicans demanded proof that Confederate nationalism was dead and that the slaves were truly free. They came to the fore after the 1866 elections and undid much of Johnson's work. In 1872 the "Liberal Republicans" argued that the war goals had been achieved and that Reconstruction should end. They ran a presidential ticket in 1872 but were decisively defeated. In 1874, Democrats, primarily Southern, took control of Congress and opposed any more reconstruction. The Compromise of 1877 closed with a national consensus that the Civil War had finally…
Understanding an immigrant’s willingness to fight for a country he has only called home for only part of his life is easier to comprehend when you ask, “What cause is he willing to die for?” In the case of the American Civil War, the Irish immigrant’s “cause” depended completely on perspective. While two books, God Help the Irish! History of the Irish Brigade by Phillip Thomas Tucker and Irish Americans in the Confederate Army by Sean Michael O’Brien are comprehensive in their military statistics, both authors also aim to explain social, political, and cultural aspects of Irish American’s alacrity to take arms against their American and Irish brethren. The opposing mantras of both Union Irish and…
Economic change was the most subtly imperial policy enacted by the Republican government. Rutherford Hayes the republican candidate for President during the end of Reconstruction, offered southern democrat heads numerous and expensive railroad subsidies in exchange for their votes. The forthcoming railroad monopoly further imperialized northern economic values by enriching northeastern investors and elite southern democrats. Gerald N. Grob called the Radical Republicans “…a group of vindictive politicians who were utterly amoral in their quest for power” (Interpretations of American History, The Free Press, Collier-Macmillian Limited London). Additionally Reconstruction represented the first phase of America’s transformation into a monopolist country. Radical Republicans “…used Negro votes to prevent the formation of a coalition of Western and Southern agrarian interests against the industrial capitalism of the Northeast” (Interpretations of American History, The Free Press, Collier-Macmillian Limited London). Republican manipulation of Negros was used to solidify the economic interest of monopolies and northeastern investors. Successfully isolating the southern economy from investing into its own infrastructure. Further ensuring that profits from southern railroads and land grants went directly to the North in the form of dividends.…
A divided nation due to slavery in territories gained in the Mexican-American War were resolved in the Compromise of 1850. The importance of the Compromise lies on the continuation of peace achieved by the Missouri Compromise, despite sectionalism. The views from the North and South were contradictory, but the Compromise made them reach a temporary equilibrium regarding politics. It accomplished what it wanted to achieve at the time: to revitalize the Union and maintain…
To conclude, the Civil War was an unavoidable occurrence in the history of the United States. With both sides unwilling to compromise or to find a settlement that pleased them both, there was no other option. If each side had been a…
I agree with the idea that the North had won the Civil War before it began to the extent of Lincoln 's conservative political stands. Trying to receive the favor of the South while winning in the North would require Lincoln to take neutral stands in heated political issues like slavery. It wasn 't really wan by the North until he broke away from these stands to enact the Emancipation Proclamation and turn the tides of war in favor of the North. "This Lincoln always publicly condemned the abolitionists who fought slavery by extra constitutional means and condemned also the mobs who deprived them of their right of free speech and free press." (Holfstadter, Lincoln and the Self-Made Myth) Other than that, the North had the upper hand in nearly all aspects that really mattered in times of war. With this information it is clear that without Lincoln 's conservative political stands a "Quick War" would have been much more realistic. Either way, the North had won the Civil War before it began. While the North thought about attacking and invading, the South thought about defending and causing attrition.…