• randomly sampled households in high-risk neighborhoods of Denver Colorado. 1,527 youths (806 boys and 721 girls) ages 7, 9, 11, 13, and 15 were surveyed respondents.
• Interviews were conducted annually from 1988 to 1992 with the youth and only one caretaker.
• These high-crime-rate neighborhoods were a target and
• The purpose of this study was to explore the changes in the nature of delinquency and drug use. The Pittsburgh Youth Study,
• featured a random sample study of only boys. These males were in first, fourth or seventh grade.
• The youths featured attended Pittsburgh Pennsylvania, public school system from 1987-1988. The team that conducted this study used their initial screening to ween out boys with the most disruptive behavior within the 30% percentile rate, while randomly selecting from the 70 percent that showed less disruptive behavior. The sample contained roughly 500 boys at each grade level for a total of 1,517 boys. Each students ' primary caregiver was interviewed at 6 month intervals for the first 5 years. Teacher 's rating of each student was also obtained. Fourth graders were discontinued after seven assessments. First and seventh graders are curently being interviewed annually. Eighty-five percent of the participants remain in the study. The Rochester Youth Development Study
• sample consisted of 1,000 students. 729 boys and 271 girls in the seventh and eighth grades of The Rochester New York public school system during the 1988 school year. Though both genders were included in the study males were the focus of this sample because they
References: Elrod, P., & Ryder, R. S. (2005). Juvenile Justice: A social, historical, and legal perspective (2nd ed.). Sudbury, MA: Jones and Bartlett Publishers. Lozada, J. L. (2009, February). Program of research on the causes and correlates of delinquency [Handout, Week 2]. Queens, NY: SOC 217, Queen