Determinants of Counterproductive Work Behavior in Pakistan Aviation Industry

DETERMINANTS OF COUNTERPRODUCTIVE WORK BEHAVIOR IN PAKISTAN AVIATION INDUSTRY

| |

ABSTRACT

This research focuses on exploring various key determinants of counterproductive work behavior of employees in aviation industry in Pakistan. The data was collected from three most prominent airline service providers in Pakistan (Pakistan Airlines, Aeroasia & Air blue). The relationship of three independent variables with counterproductive work behavior was explored by distributing questionnaires to the employees of our sample. Questionnaire includes a total of fifty items. Independent variables include external locus of control, perceived organizational procedural and distributive injustice. Results indicate a strong positive correlation between CWB and External locus of control(r=0.694). But relationship between CWB and Procedural Injustice was not as strong as was expected(r=0.38). Distributive injustice shows very weak positive correlation with CWB(r=0.078).

INTRODUCTION

The world has changed into a global village where Organizations have generally focused their theory and research on various categories of positive employee behavior, such as employee motivation and performance, organizational citizenship behavior, pro-social organizational behavior, and unplanned performance. Whereas various forms of negative employee behavior/counterproductive work behavior (CWB) exist in organizations, they have received less theoretical and experimental attention. As organizations are more concerned about efficiency and hence, any deviance, either minor or major, from desired situation is considered to be a serious problem. Employees are the most important resource among all other available resources. Their commitment can lead the organization towards success. Contrary to this, their negative attitude towards work (Counterproductive

References: Abdul-Halim., Ahmed, A. (1981). Effects of Role Stress Job Design-Technology Interaction on Employee Work Satisfaction. Academy of Management Journal, 24(2), 260-273. Aquino, K., Lewis, M., & Bradfield, M. (1999). Justice constructs, negative affectivity, and employee deviance: a proposed model and empirical test. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 20, 1073-1091. Babin, J.B., & Boles, S.J. (1998). Employee behavior in a service environment: A model and test of potential differences between man and woman. The Journal of Marketing, 62(2), 77-91. Blackman, C.M., & Funder, C.D. (2002). Effective Interview for Accurately Assessing Counterproductive Traits. International Journal of Selection and assessment, 10(1), 109-115. Charash, C.Y., & Mueller, S.J. (2007). Does perceived unfairness exacerbate or mitigate interpersonal counterproductive work behaviors related to envy? Journal of Applied Psychology, 92(3), 666-680. Coleman D.F, Irving P.G & Cooper C.L, (1999). Another Look at the Locus of Control-Organizational Commitment Relationship: It depends on the form of Commitment. Journal of Organization Behavior (20), 995-1001. Desbarates, J. (1983). Spatial choice and constraints on behavior. Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 73(3), 340-357. Drezner, W.D. (2000). Bargaining, Enforcement multilateral sanctions: when is cooperation counterproductive? International Organization, 54(1), 73-102. Fields, D., Pang, M., & Chiu, C. (2000). Distributive and Procedural Justice as Predictors of employee outcomes in Hong Kong. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 21, 547-562. Forgas, P.J. (2002). Feeling and Doing: Affective Influences on Interpersonal Behavior. Psychological Inquiry, 13(1), 1-28. Fryxell, E.G., & Gordon, E.M. (1989). Workplace Justice and Job Satisfaction As predictors’ o Satisfaction with Union and Management. Academy of Management Journal, 32(4), 851-866. Gruys, L.M., & Sackett, R.P. (2003). Investigating the dimensionality of Counterproductive Work Behavior. International Journal of Selection and Assessment, 11(1), 30-42. Hakstian., Ralph, Falrrell, S & Tweed G.R (2002). The Assessment of Counterproductive Tendencies By Means of the California Psychological Inventory. International Journal of Selection and Assessment, 10(1), 58-86. Hamermesh, S.D. (1990). Shirking or productive schmoozing and the allocation of time at work. Industrial and Labor relations Review, 43(3), 121-133. Kelloway, K.E., Loughlin, C., Barling, J., & Nault, A. (2002). Self-reported Counterproductive Behaviors and Organizational Citizenship Behaviors: Separate but Related Constructs. International Journal of Selection and Assessment, 10(1), 143-151. Kwok, KC, Au T.W., Ho MC. J (2005). Normative Control and Self Reported Counterproductive in the Workplace in the China. Applied Psychology: International Review, 54(4), 456-475. Levy, E.P., & Williams, R.J. (1998). The Role of Perceived Knowledge in Predicting Appraisal Reactions, Job Satisfaction, and organizational Commitment. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 19, 53-65. Lucas, M.G., & Friedrich, J. (2005). Individual differences in Workplace deviance and integrity as Predictors of Academic dishonesty. Ethics and Behaviors, 15(1), 15-35. Martinko, M. J., Gundlach, M. J., & Douglas, S. C. (2002). Toward an integrative theory of counterproductive workplace behavior: A causal reasoning perspective. International Journal of Selection and Assessment, 10, 36–50. Matrinko, M.J., Gundlach.J.M., & Douglas, C.S., (2002). Toward an integrated theory of counterproductive workplace behavior: A Casual Reasoning Perspective. International Journal of Selection and Assessment, 10(1), 36-50. Mikulay, S., Neuman, G., & Finkelstein, L. (2001). Counterproductive Workplace Behaviors. Genetic, Social and General Psychology Monographs, 127(3), 279-300. Miles, Et Al, (2002). Building An Integrative Model Of Extra Role Work Behavior With Organizational Citizenship Behavior. International Journal Of Selection And Assessment, Volume 10 Number ½. Mooran, H.R., Blakely, L.G., & Niehoff, P.B. (1998). Does Perceived Organizational Support Mediate the Relationship between Procedural Justice and Organizational Citizenship Behavior. Academy of Management Journal, 41(3), 351-357. Near, P.J., Rice, W.R., & Hunt, G.R. (1980). The relationship between work and non work domains: A Review of Empirical Research. The Academy of Management Review, 5(3), 415-429. Neuman, J. H., & Baron, R. A. (1997). Aggression in the workplace. In R. A. Giacalone & J. Greenberg (Eds.), Antisocial behavior in organizations (pp. 37–67). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. O’Brien, E.K., & Allen, D.T. (2008). The relative importance of correlates of organizational citizenship behavior and counterproductive work behavior using multiple sources of data. Human performance, 21, 62-88. Penney, M.L., & Spector, E.P. (2002). Narcissism and counterproductive Work Behavior: DO bigger egos mean bigger problems? International Journal of Selection and assessment, 10(1), 126-134. Polivy, J. (1998). The effects of behavioral inhabitation: integrating internal cues, cognition, behavior, and effect. Psychological Inquiry, 9(3), 181-204. Roberts, W.B., Harms, D.P., Caspi, A., & Moffitt, E.T. (2007). Predicting the Counterproductive Employee in a child-to-adult Prospective Study. Journal of Applied Psychology, 92(5), 1427-1436. Roberts, W.B., Walton, K., Bogg, T., & Caspi, A. (2006). De-investment in Work and Non- normative Personality Trait Change in Young Adulthood. European Journal of Personality, 20, 461-474. Robinson, L.S., & Bennet, J.R. (1995). A Typology of Deviant Workplace Behaviors: A Multidimensional Scaling Study. Academy of Management Journal, 38(2), 555-572. Sackett, R.P. (2002). The Structure of Couterproductive Work Behaviors: Dimensionality and Relationships with Facets of Job Performance. International Journal of Selection and Assessment, 10(1), 5-11. Salgado. F.J. (2002). The big five personality dimensions and counterproductive behavior. International Journal of Selection and Assessment, 10(1), 117-123. Spector, E.P., Fox, S., & Domagalski, T. (2005). Emotions, Violence and counterproductive Work Behavior. Kelloway, 29-46. Szilagyi, D.A., & Sims, P.H. (1976). Role Dynamics, Locus of Control, and Employee Attitudes and Behavior. Academy of Management Journal, 19(2), 259-275. Tang, L.T., & Chen, J.Y. (2007). Intelligence Vs. Wisdom: The love of Money, Machiavellianism, and Unethical behavior Across College Major and Gender. Journal of Business Ethics, 82, 1-26. Viswesvaran, C. (2002). Absenteeism and Measures of Job Performance: A Meta Analysis. International Journal of Selection and Assessment, 10(1), 12-17. Witt L.A., Kacmar M.K & Andrews, C.M. (2001). The Interactive of Procedural Justice and Exchange Ideology on Superior Rated Commitments. Journal of Organization Behavior (22), 505-515 Korsgaard MA, Schweiger DM, Sapienza HJ BarlingJ , PhillipsM . 1993.I nteractionaflo, rmala, ndd istributivjeu sticei n thew orkplacea:n exploratorsyt udy. Martin PD, Bennett N. 1996. The role of justice judgments in explaining the relationship between job satisfaction and organization commitment Konovsky MA. 2000. Understanding procedural justice and its impact on business organizations. Journal of Management 26: 489-511.