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Dilla
Journal of Vocational Behavior 38, 33-48 (1987)

Descriptive versus Prescriptive Information in a Realistic Job Preview
BENJAMIN L. DILLA
Air Force Institute of Technology A realistic job preview (RIP) using a prescriptive approach aimed at enhancing newcomer adaptation to the job was contrasted with a traditional descriptive RJP targeted at expectations concerning objective information about the job. In a laboratory experiment, 132 subjects were recruited to work on a clerical task. Participants received neither, one, or both preview(s) in a 2 x 2 factorial design. Analysis revealed strong effects on the manipulation checks and supportive findings for both types of preview on variables measured before task performance. Differences in post-task criteria favored the traditional descriptive preview over the new prescriptive approach. The descriptive preview increased accuracy of expectations for the task and created greater awareness of problem areas and potential coping strategies; furthermore, it irdhrenced quality of performance and turnover intentions. The descriptive approach did not, however, influence task satisfaction, thus calling into question the traditional met expectations hypothesis for RJP effects. (B 1987 Academic press, IIIC.

Realistic job previews (RIPS) refer to presentations given to new employees prior to coming on a job that provide information about that job. Positive effects from giving realistic information to job applicants were first reported by Weitz (1956) in a study with prospective life insurance salesmen. Wanous (1973) coined the term Realistic Job Preview (RJP) to label this technique, which has been applied in a variety of settings including cadets at a military academy (Ilgen & Seely, 1974), sewing machine operators (Fart-, O’Leary, & Bartlett, 1973), telephone operators (Reilly, Tenopyr, & Sperling, 1979; Wanous, 1973), and employees in a retail food store (Dugoni & Ilgen, 1981).
This article is based on an unpublished



References: Breaugh, J. A. (1983). Realistic job previews: A critical appraisal and future research directions. Academy of Management Review, 8, 612-619. Campbell, J. P. (1971). Personnel training and development. Annual Review ofPsychology, 22, 565-602. Dugoni, B. L., & Ilgen, D. R. (1981). Realistic job previews and the adjustment of new employees. Academy of Management Journal, 24, 579-591. Farr, J. L., O’Leary, B. S., & Bartlett, C. J. (1973). Effect of a work sample test upon self-selection and turnover of job applicants. Journal of Applied Psychology, S&283285. Fromkin, H. L., & Streufert, S. (1976). Laboratory experimentation. In M. D. Dunnette (Ed.), Handbook of industrial and organizational psychology (pp. 415-465). Chicago: Rand McNally. Gomersall, E. R., & Myers, M. S. (1966, July-August) Breakthrough in on-the-job training. Harvard Business Review, 62-72. Ilgen, D. R., & Seely, W. (1974). Realistic expectations as an aid in reducing voluntary resignations. Journal of Applied Psychology, 59, 452-455. Louis, M. R. (1980). Surprise and sense-making: What newcomers experience in entering unfamiliar organizational settings. Administrative Science Quarterly, 25, 226-251. Mice& M. P. (1985). The effects of realistic job previews on newcomer behavior: A laboratory study. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 26, 277-289. Parlington, J. J., & Schneider, B. (1978). A laboratory study of some eflects of a realistic taskpreview. Department of Psychology, (Research Rep. No. 17). University of Maryland. Pritchard, R. D., Dunnette, M. D., & Jorgenson, D. 0. (1972). Effects of perceptions of equity and inequity on worker performance and satisfaction. Journal of Applied Psychology, 56, 75-94. Reilly, R. R., Brown, B., Blood, M. R., & Malatesta, C. Z. (1981). The effects of realistic previews: A study and discussion of the literature. Personnel Psychology, 34, 823834. Reilly, R. R., Tenopyr, M. L., & Sperling, S. M. (1979). Effects of job previews on job acceptance and survival of telephone operator candidates. Journal of Applied Psychology, 64, 218-220. Tenopyr, M. L., & Oeltjen, P. D. (1982). Personnel selection and classification. Annual Review of Psychology, 33, 581-618. WaIlOUS, J. P. (1973). Organizational entry: Newcomers moving from outside to inside. Psychological Bulletin, 84, 601-618. Weitz, J. (1956). Job expectancy and survival. Journal of Applied Psychology, 40, 24% 247. Received: April 25, 1986.

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