• Differentiate the disease pathology of COPD from normal physiology.
• Compare and contrast two classes of drugs, used in the treatment of COPD, based on drug interaction, efficacy, safety, cost, and expected outcomes.
Anatomy of the lungs: The lungs are in the thoracic cavity on either sides of the heart and are cone shaped. Each lung is divided into superior and inferior lobes. The right lung also has a middle lobe on top of those two. They are spongy air filled organs. The trachea, which is also referred to as the windpipe, conducts air into the lungs through the bronchi. The bronchi are further divided into smaller branches called bronchioles. Those then end in clusters of microscopic air sacs called alveoli. The lungs are covered by a thin tissue layer called pleura, which further acts as lubricants for the lungs to slip with each breath.…
Chapter 37 Bronchodilators and Respiratory Drugs A. Diseases of the Lower Respiratory Tract * COPD * Asthma * Emphysema *…
Data collection for all three groups will start with the patients’ demographic information including, their name, DOB, sex, address, primary care provider, pulmonologist, and insurance payer, and the year which they were diagnosed with COPD. The SF-12 QOL questionnaire as well as 6 questions concerning hospital admissions over the past twelve months, and comorbid conditions would be administered to gain the patient’s understanding of their current feelings about their overall quality of life. An initial FEV1 and FVC would be collected if the patient did not have one competed as an outpatient within the last three months. A 6MWD would also be completed.…
Provides 1-2 consequences of COPD from the first column. Information is not entirely scientifically sound, necessary and explanations are…
Currie, G. P. & Douglas, G. (2011) Non-pharmacological Management. In: Currie, G. P. (ed.) ABC of COPD. 2nd edition. Oxford, Blackwell, pp. 27-30.…
D.Z., a 65-year-old man, is admitted to a medical floor for exacerbation of his chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD; emphysema). He has a past medical history of hypertension, which has been well controlled by Enalapril (Vasotec) for the past 6 years. He has had pneumonia yearly for the past 3 years, and has been a 2-pack-a-day smoker for 38 years. He appears as a cachectic man who is experiencing difficulty breathing at rest. He reports cough productive of thick yellow-green sputum. D.Z. seems irritable and anxious; he complains of sleeping poorly and states that lately feels tired most of the time. His vital signs (VS) are 162/84, 124, 36, 102 F, SaO2 88%. His admitting diagnosis is an acute exacerbation of chronic emphysema.…
Every patient I have ever taken care that was diagnosed with COPD has always had to use…
COPD is characterized by airflow limitation that is poorly reversible. Cumulative, chronic exposure to cigarette smoking is the number one cause of the disease, but repeated exposure to secondhand smoke, air pollution and occupational exposure (to coal, cotton, grain) are also important risk factors.…
There are various forms of respiratory disease that not only debilitate, but claim the lives of millions of Americans each year. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, Tuberculosis, Lung cancer, Asthma, emphysema, and bronchitis are just a few of the common respiratory infections that disrupt the functions of organs and tissues responsible for providing oxygen to the body. In this paper I will discuss Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease also referred to as COPD as my primary theme of respiratory disease. I will describe the severity of COPD, its epidemiology, as well as how it is diagnosed and treated. I will describe whether COPD is classified as a primary, secondary, or tertiary disease and finally address how COPD impacts society as it relates to the business of heath care and the use of resources.…
Within the confines of this assignment, it is the hope of the author that the reader will obtain an understanding of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). This will be achieved by bringing the reader through the patients’ illness journey. The assignment will begin by defining COPD and briefly going through the pathophysiology and incidents of the condition. From there the reader will embark on the journey, starting with diagnosis.…
Henry Williams is a 74-year-old African American who was admitted for shortness of breath secondary to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbation. His past medical history is chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), cardiovascular disease, hyperlipidemia, asthma, hear loss, and hypertension. His neighbor brought him to the emergency room because he was having difficulty breathing and weakness. When he was brought to the emergency room, he was very weak and restlessness. Williams breathing was visibly labored and he was very anxious and worried for his wife Ertha, who has memory problem and forgetful at times. For over two months now, Williams’s appetite has diminished which made him lost some weight. He also lost interest in…
Bibliography: * "Patient.co.uk - Trusted Medical Information and Support." Patient.co.uk. N.p., n.d. Web. 17 June 2012. <http://www.patient.co.uk/health/Chronic-Obstructive-Pulmonary-Disease.htm>.…
A group of recent studies show BBs are well tolerated in patients with cardiac disease and concomitant COPD with no evidence of worsening of respiratory symptoms or forced expiratory volume (FEV1) and the safety of BBs in patients with COPD has been demonstrated, but their use in this group of patients remains low. The cumulative evidence from trials and meta-analysis indicates that cardioselective BBs should not be withheld in patients with reactive airway disease or COPD.1 This evidence leads us to believe that placing a COPD patient with a larger risk of CVD complications would benefit from a cardioselective beta blocker. In fact, large meta-analyses were published where randomized, blinded, placebo-controlled trials that studied the effects of cardioselective BBs on FEV1, symptoms, and the use of inhaled β2-agonists in patients with reactive airway disease were selected, of which, there were 19 single dose treatment studies and 10 continued treatment studies. The outcomes measures were the change in FEV1 from baseline, the number of patients with respiratory symptoms, and the use of inhaled β2-agonists with active treatment compared with placebo. The results were that no significant treatment effect in terms of FEV1 was found in patients with concomitant COPD, whether single doses (change in FEV1, −5.28% [CI, −10.03% to…
Gronkiewicz C and Borkgren-Okonek M (2004) Acute Exacerbation of COPD: Nursing Application of Evidence-Based Guidelines. Critical Care Nurse Quarterly 27(04):336-352…
Obesity and COPD are chronic health conditions with an increasing incidence globally. They are the major causes for increasing morbidity and mortality. COPD is diagnosed with the use of spirometry and BMI is used for the diagnosis of obesity (1). In the United States, 6% of adults have Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) and 35% are obese (2). There are cases present where patients have comorbid COPD and obesity. Pulmonary issues are associated with obesity, some of which include a decrease in FEV1, Asthma, as well as sleep apnea (2). The abnormalities associated in patients with eucapnic obesity is decrease in ventilator muscle strength, reduction in lung compliance and chest wall, as well as increase work of breathing and expiratory…