Chapter 37 Bronchodilators and Respiratory Drugs
Chapter 37 Bronchodilators and Respiratory Drugs
A. Diseases of the Lower Respiratory Tract * COPD * Asthma * Emphysema * Chronic bronchitis
B. Bronchial Asthma * Recurrent and reversible shortness of breath * Occurs when the airways of the lungs become narrow as a result of: * Bronchospasms * Inflammation of the bronchial mucosa * Edema of the bronchial mucosa * Production of viscid mucus * Alveolar ducts/alveoli remain open, but airflow to them is obstructed * Symptoms * Wheezing * Difficulty breathing
C. Asthma * Three categories * Allergic * Idiopathic * Mixed allergic-idiopathic * Status asthmaticus * Prolonged asthma attack that does not respond to typical drug therapy * May last several minutes to hours * Medical emergency
D. Chronic Bronchitis * Continuous inflammation of the bronchi and bronchioles * Often occurs as a result of prolonged exposure to bronchial irritants
E. Emphysema * Air spaces enlarge as a result of the destruction of alveolar walls * The surface area where gas exchange takes place is reduced * Effective respiration is impaired
F. Drugs Used to Treat Asthma * Long-term control * Leukotriene receptor antagonists * Inhaled steroids * Long-acting beta2-agonists * Quick relief * Intravenous systemic corticosteroids * Short-acting inhaled beta2-agonists
G. Bronchodilators and Respiratory Drugs * Bronchodilators * Beta-adrenergic agonists * Xanthine derivatives * Anticholinergics * Leukotriene receptor antagonists * Corticosteroids
H. Bronchodilators: Beta-Agonists * Large group, sympathomimetics * Used during acute phase of asthmatic attacks * Quickly reduce airway constriction and restore normal airflow * Stimulate beta2-adrenergic receptors throughout the lungs
Three types * Nonselective adrenergics * Stimulate
A. Diseases of the Lower Respiratory Tract * COPD * Asthma * Emphysema * Chronic bronchitis
B. Bronchial Asthma * Recurrent and reversible shortness of breath * Occurs when the airways of the lungs become narrow as a result of: * Bronchospasms * Inflammation of the bronchial mucosa * Edema of the bronchial mucosa * Production of viscid mucus * Alveolar ducts/alveoli remain open, but airflow to them is obstructed * Symptoms * Wheezing * Difficulty breathing
C. Asthma * Three categories * Allergic * Idiopathic * Mixed allergic-idiopathic * Status asthmaticus * Prolonged asthma attack that does not respond to typical drug therapy * May last several minutes to hours * Medical emergency
D. Chronic Bronchitis * Continuous inflammation of the bronchi and bronchioles * Often occurs as a result of prolonged exposure to bronchial irritants
E. Emphysema * Air spaces enlarge as a result of the destruction of alveolar walls * The surface area where gas exchange takes place is reduced * Effective respiration is impaired
F. Drugs Used to Treat Asthma * Long-term control * Leukotriene receptor antagonists * Inhaled steroids * Long-acting beta2-agonists * Quick relief * Intravenous systemic corticosteroids * Short-acting inhaled beta2-agonists
G. Bronchodilators and Respiratory Drugs * Bronchodilators * Beta-adrenergic agonists * Xanthine derivatives * Anticholinergics * Leukotriene receptor antagonists * Corticosteroids
H. Bronchodilators: Beta-Agonists * Large group, sympathomimetics * Used during acute phase of asthmatic attacks * Quickly reduce airway constriction and restore normal airflow * Stimulate beta2-adrenergic receptors throughout the lungs
Three types * Nonselective adrenergics * Stimulate