disease process pneumonia
STUDENT NAME: _____________________________ DATE: ______
DISEASE PROCESS STUDY
Purpose
To provide a thorough review of a disease process at the cellular or organ level
Link essential assessments and nursing care priorities to the client’s response to their disease process
Disease Process: ________Pneumonia_____________________________________________
Pathophysiology at the Cellular or Organ Level
Pneumonia is described in Tabers cyclopedia medical dictionary, “as inflammation of the lungs, usually due to an infection with bacteria, viruses, or other pathogenic organisms” (p.1833) The pathophysiology of pneumonia is broken down in four stages cough, red hepatization, gray hepatization, and resolution. The first stage is congestion. This happens once the organism reaches the alveoli, which results in fluid entering the alveoli. Inside the alveoli there is fluid called serous. Once the organism reaches the serous fluid it multiplies and spreads to the adjacent alveoli (Lewis, Dirksen, Heitkemper, Bucher, Camera, 2011). Serous fluid acts as a lubricant and reduces friction from muscle movement (2011. Pneumonia). When the organism interrupts the serous fluid it then interferes with gas exchange. The second stage is referred to as red hepatization. The lungs turn red and granular, which is caused by massive dilation of the capillaries. At this stage the alveoli are filled with organisms, neutrophils, red blood cells, and fibrin. The third stage of pathophysiology of pneumonia is gray hepatization. In this process the blood decreases and red blood cells start breaking down. Then the fibrin and leukocytes surround the affected lungs. The final stage is called the resolution. The fluid breaks down and is processed by macrophages. Macrophages have antigen receptors on their surface that can identify foreign antigens and can activate immune response. During the healing process normal lung tissue comes back and the patient’s gas exchange with
DISEASE PROCESS STUDY
Purpose
To provide a thorough review of a disease process at the cellular or organ level
Link essential assessments and nursing care priorities to the client’s response to their disease process
Disease Process: ________Pneumonia_____________________________________________
Pathophysiology at the Cellular or Organ Level
Pneumonia is described in Tabers cyclopedia medical dictionary, “as inflammation of the lungs, usually due to an infection with bacteria, viruses, or other pathogenic organisms” (p.1833) The pathophysiology of pneumonia is broken down in four stages cough, red hepatization, gray hepatization, and resolution. The first stage is congestion. This happens once the organism reaches the alveoli, which results in fluid entering the alveoli. Inside the alveoli there is fluid called serous. Once the organism reaches the serous fluid it multiplies and spreads to the adjacent alveoli (Lewis, Dirksen, Heitkemper, Bucher, Camera, 2011). Serous fluid acts as a lubricant and reduces friction from muscle movement (2011. Pneumonia). When the organism interrupts the serous fluid it then interferes with gas exchange. The second stage is referred to as red hepatization. The lungs turn red and granular, which is caused by massive dilation of the capillaries. At this stage the alveoli are filled with organisms, neutrophils, red blood cells, and fibrin. The third stage of pathophysiology of pneumonia is gray hepatization. In this process the blood decreases and red blood cells start breaking down. Then the fibrin and leukocytes surround the affected lungs. The final stage is called the resolution. The fluid breaks down and is processed by macrophages. Macrophages have antigen receptors on their surface that can identify foreign antigens and can activate immune response. During the healing process normal lung tissue comes back and the patient’s gas exchange with