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Economics Project Proposal

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Economics Project Proposal
1.0: INTRODUCTION
Women account for approximately half of whichever nation’s populace. Yet, in nearly all countries, females play a much less role than men in contributing towards the worth of recorded production in labour force participation. Under-utilizing female labour has palpable consequences for economic welfare and growth. Quite a lot of factors, both economic and non-economic could be deemed liable for this. Particular, the partaking of women in the labour force seems to depend more on the social environment.
Customarily, women were considered as homemakers, who administer and direct the relationships and activities at home. Formerly, in Africa, women stayed behind at home while their husbands and sons went out to the farm to work. Historically, also, men would go out hunting, while women would engage in gathering of vegetation and stay at home taking care of the house. The sexual division of the workforce in which the males would hunt and the females gather wild fruits and vegetables was a shared experience between hunter-gatherer societies globally. But at home, however, they were not inactive as they were involved in manual processing of food crops and other farm harvests in supplement to their housekeeping responsibilities. With the introduction of western education, industrialization and paid employment, men, together with women, drifted into the modern sector of the economy. And today, there are visible changes in the perception of women, principally because they have greater opportunities for education than before. They now constitute themselves into various societies or organizations and they are aggressively fighting for the liberalization of the role of women as opposed to restricting them to the home and home-based activities.

1.1: BACKGROUND OF STUDY
Some formal and informal barriers which obstruct entry of women into many different occupational groupings include lack of education, customs and religious practices, management and



Bibliography: ACKAH, C., AHIADEKE, C., and FENNY, A.P. (2009) Determinants of Labour Force Participation in Ghana. Institute of Statistical, Social and Economic Research, University of Ghana. BEN-PORATH, Y. (1973) Labour-force participation rates and the supply of labour. Journal of Political Economy, 81: 697–704. BOWEN, W.G. and FINEGAN T.A. (1969) The Economics of Labour Force Participation. Princeton University Press. CAIN G.G. (1966) Married Women in the Labour Force: An Economic Analysis. University of Chicago Press, Chicago. COCHRANE, S. (1979) Fertility and Education. What do We Really Know? Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. GOLDIN, C. (1994) The U-Shaped Female Labour Force Function in Economic Development and Economic History. National Bureau of Economic Research Working Paper #4707, Cambridge. LAWANSON, O.I. (2008) Female Labour Force Participation in Nigeria: Determinants and Trends. University of Lagos, Nigeria. SCHULTZ, T.P. (1990) Women’s Changing Participation in the Labour Force: A World Perspective. Economic Development and Cultural Change. Vol. 38 pp 457-88. ZIMSTAT (2011) Zimbabwe Labour Force and Child Labour Survey

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