Preview

Effective Inclusive Education

Powerful Essays
Open Document
Open Document
26484 Words
Grammar
Grammar
Plagiarism
Plagiarism
Writing
Writing
Score
Score
Effective Inclusive Education
CHAPTER 1
Problem and its context 1.0 Introduction
The study sought to evaluate the effectiveness of inclusive education in Swaziland. It is a case study of one of the schools which were engaged to pilot Inclusive Education by the Special Education Unit in the Ministry of Education and Training in the year 2006. This was in a bid to implement the Inclusive Education Draft Policy of 2005 (Ministry of Education and Training, 2010). Inclusive Education is a new educational programme which has been influenced by the global commitment to achieve Education for All (EFA) by 2015 (Dakar Framework of Action, 2000). The researcher was motivated to engage in such a study, so as to find out how one school, which has adopted the inclusive education approach in Swaziland is faring in the verge to achieve this global initiative, whose purpose is to ensure that all learners regardless of their social background and disability have a place in the nearby schools. The country is trying to align with the global trends; the researcher therefore found it more important to evaluate the effectiveness of Inclusive Education as a positive means to mirror the nation’s efforts to find out whether the nation is on the right track in meeting this global initiative. This study will help to shed light to all stakeholders involved in the implementation of inclusive education in Swaziland and will be a road map as how we can go about in ensuring that we achieve this global initiative as a country.
1.1 Lay out of the study
Chapter one will consist of the background information to help us understand Swaziland’s education system and some of the challenges that are being faced by the country in its endeavor of achieving universal free primary education and inclusive education. This chapter will also include the problem statement; objectives of the study; research questions; limitations of the study and definition of terms which will assist in giving more clarity and direction to the whole



References: Barker, E.T., Wang, M. C., and Walberg, H. J. (1994/1995). The effects of inclusion on learning. Educational Leadership, 52 (4), 33-35. Best, J Booth, T., and Ainscow, M. (1998). From them to us: An international study of inclusion in education. London: Routledge. Booth, T., and Ainscow, M. (2002). Index for Inclusion: Developing Learning and Participation in Schools. Bristol: Centre for Studies of Inclusive Education. Brownell, M. T., and Parajares, F. (1999). Teacher efficacy and perceived success in mainstreaming students with learning and behavior problems. Teacher Education and Spedal Education, 22(3), 154-164. DfES (2001a). Inclusive schooling: Children with special educational needs. London : HMSO. DfES (2001b) Dhemba, I. (2012). Inclusive and Special Needs Education Module, EFP 301. Unpublished. Dyson, A., Farrell, P., Polat, F., and Hutcheson, G Dyson, A and Forlin, C. (1999). An International perspective on inclusion. In P Engelbrecht, L Green, S Naicker and L Engelbrecht (Eds.), Inclusive education in action in South Africa. Pretoria: J Lvan Schalk. Evans, J and Lunt, I. (2002). Inclusive education: Are the limits? European Journal of Special Needs Education, 17 (1), 1-14. Farrell, M. (1997). The integration of children with severe learning difficulties: A review of the recent literature. Journal of Applied research in Learning Disabilities, 10, 1-14. Farrel, M. (2000). The impact of research on developments in inclusive education. International Journal of Inclusive Education, 4 (2), 53-162. Farrel, M. (2003). Understanding special educational needs: A guide for practitioners. London: Sage/Paul Chapman. Florian, L. (2005). Inclusive practice: What, why and how? In K. Topping and S. Maloney (Eds.), The Routledge Falmer reader in inclusive education. Oxon, UK: Routledge, 29- 40. Fishbein M. (1975). Beliefs, attitudes, intention and behavior: An introduction to theory and research, Phillipines: Wesley Publishing Co. Flutter, J., and Rudduck, J. (2004). Consulting pupils: What’s in it for schools? London: Routledge Falmer. Gallagher, D. J. (2001). Neutrality as a moral standpoint, conceptual confusion and full inclusion debate. Disability and Society, 16 (5), 637-654. Gallagher, T., and Smith, A. (2000). The effects of the selective system of secondary education in Northern Ireland-main report. Bangor: Department of Education (NI) Giangreco, M.F Hegarty,S. (1993). Reviewing the literature on Integration. European Journal of Special Needs Education, 8 (3), 194-200. Hallahan, D. P. and Kauffman, J. M. (1997). Exceptional Learners: Introduction to Special Education. Boston: Allyn and Bacon. Lindsay, G. (2007). Educational psychology and effectiveness on inclusive education/mainstreaming. British Journal of Educational psychology, 77, 1-24. Lipsky, D., Gartner, A. (1996). Inclusion and school restructuring and remaking of American society. Harvard Educational Review, 66 (4), 762-796. Little, A., Hoppers, W. and Gardner, R. (1994). Beyond Jomtien: Implementing Primary Education for All. London: The Macmillan Press Ltd. Manset, G., and Sammel, M. (Eds.). (1997). Are inclusive programmes for students with mild disabilities effective? A comparative review of model programmes. Journal of Special Education, 31 (2), 155-180. McLaughlin, M. J., and Rouse M. (Eds). (2000). Special education and school reform in the United States and Britain. London: Routledge. Mittler, P. (2000). Working towards inclusive social contexts. London: David Fulton. Mushoriwa, T. D. (2009). Research for Beginners: A Theoretical and Practical Guide to Research and Project Writing. Manzin: MaNDu Printers. Myklebust, J. O. (2002). Education, Inclusion? Transitions among special needs students in upper secondary education in Norway. European Journal of Special Needs Education, 17, 251-263. Moore, C. (1998). Alaska Inclusion. Retrieved September 13, 2006, from Educating Students with Disabilities in General Education Classrooms: A Summary of the Research Website: http://www.rrfcnetwork.org/content/view/242/47/ Norwich, B O’Brien, T. (2000). Increasing Inclusion: Did anyone mention learning? Reach, 14, (1). 2-12. Ofsted (2002). Teaching assistants in primary schools: an evaluation of quality and impact of their work. London: Ofsted. Rouse, M., and Florian, L. (1996). Effective inclusive schools: A study in two countries. Cambridge Journal of Education, 26 (1), 71-85. Robson, C., (2002). Real World Research. A Resource for Social Scientists and Practitioner- Researchers, Second Edition. Singapore: Blackwell Publishing company. Scruggs, T., and Mastrpieri, M. A. (1996). Teacher perceptions of mainstreaming/inclusion 1958-1995: A research synthesis. Exceptional Chidren, 63 (1), 59-74. Thomas, G., and Walker, D., and Webb, J. (1998). The making of the inclusive school. London: Routledge/Falmer. UNESCO (1994). The Salamanca Declaration and Framework for Action. Paris: Author. UNESCO (2000). Dakar framework for action. Paris: Author. UNESCO (2005). Guidelines for Inclusion: Ensuring access to education for all. Paris: Author. United Nations (1989). UN convention on the rights of the child. New York: Author. United Nations (2006). Convention on the rights of persons with disabilities. New York: Author. Van Dalen, D. B. (1979). Understanding Educational Research: An Introduction. New Jersey: MacGraw-Hill. Walther-Thomas, C. S., Korinek, L., Mclaughlin, V.L., and Williams, B. (2000). Collaboration for inclusive education: Creating successful programs. Boston: Allyn and Bacon. Wood, M. (1998). Whose job is it anyway? Educational roles in inclusion. Exceptional Children, 64, 181-195. Woronov, W. J. (2000). Doing justice to inclusion. European Journal of Special Needs Education, 15 (3), 297-304. Ysseldyke, J. E., Algozzine, B., and Thurlow, M. L. (2000). Critical issues in special education. New York: Houghton Mifflin. APPENDIX A

You May Also Find These Documents Helpful

  • Satisfactory Essays

    Inclusion can be described as ‘the action or state of including or of being included within a group or structure’.…

    • 430 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Satisfactory Essays
  • Powerful Essays

    Stainbeck, S., and Stanbeck, W. (1992) ‘Introduction’ in J.Pearpoint, M.Forest & J.Snow. The Inclusion Papers. Toronto: Inclusion Press.…

    • 17621 Words
    • 71 Pages
    Powerful Essays
  • Good Essays

    References: Smith, V & Armstrong, A. (2005) Beyond Prejudice Inclusive Learning in Practice, London: Learning and SKills and Development Agency. p. 2-4…

    • 771 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Powerful Essays

    Unit 504

    • 5349 Words
    • 22 Pages

    There are many factors affecting learning throughout schools and colleges across the United Kingdom. The aim of this assignment is to analyse some of the factors which can affect learning and achievement and how these theories can be applied to inclusive learning.…

    • 5349 Words
    • 22 Pages
    Powerful Essays
  • Powerful Essays

    Dtlls Unit 6

    • 5770 Words
    • 24 Pages

    Critically analyse the significance of theories, principles and models of inclusive curriculum to the design and implementation of programmes of study, within two different contexts.…

    • 5770 Words
    • 24 Pages
    Powerful Essays
  • Satisfactory Essays

    Inclusion means that each individual has the right to feel included by others and for the individual to feel they are being included and not excluded.…

    • 372 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Satisfactory Essays
  • Good Essays

    There are a number of challenges that may arise in applying inclusive practices within a school. These challenges include Australia’s labelling approach to funding support in the education system, inadequate systems of support, and poor paraprofessional support. The challenge chosen in this case is inadequate paraprofessional support (Cologon, 2013). Paraprofessional support can be described using a number of terms, such as special support officers, teacher aides, special needs assistants, inclusion support aides, and learning support assistants, among other terms. Most funding that is allocated toward supporting inclusion in a school goes toward paraprofessional support.…

    • 1782 Words
    • 8 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Good Essays

    Learning Outcome 3

    • 905 Words
    • 3 Pages

    Inclusive practice is not only about the schools providing for the needs of children with special educational needs and disabilities. Inclusion policies must take account of all pupils in the school.…

    • 905 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Good Essays

    These groups of pupils can range from SEN to EAL to Gifted and Talented. Overcoming barriers is further emphasised in Inclusive Schooling (DfES 2001b) with one of the principles stating 'schools, local education authorities and others should actively seek to remove barriers to learning and…

    • 598 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Powerful Essays

    Inclusion In Education

    • 1097 Words
    • 5 Pages

    In 2001 the Department for Education released a document stating that parents of children with special educational needs should be supported whether they choose to send their child to a mainstream, or a special school (p.6). In addition to this their document titled Special Educational Needs: Code of Practice, “enhances the rights of children with special educational needs to be included within mainstream schooling” (2001). Collectively, these points imply the government is trying to support parents and children with special educational needs with school…

    • 1097 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Powerful Essays
  • Powerful Essays

    Florian, L. & Black-Hawkins, K. (2011). Exploring inclusive pedagogy. British educational research journal, 37 (5), pp. 813--828.…

    • 5189 Words
    • 21 Pages
    Powerful Essays
  • Good Essays

    Inclusive learning

    • 2423 Words
    • 7 Pages

    Whilst studying inclusion for this assignment, I have learned much about the ways in which children learn. Yandell (2011) argues a similar point to O’Brien and Guiney (2001), which is that for pupils to learn, the learning needs to be more than a teacher giving mountains of information. Both in researching and in teaching a scheme of inclusive lessons, I have learned that teaching needs to be differentiated for the variety of children in each class. In my own experience, having taught a class consisting of thirty pupils, two of whom are hearing impaired children and seventeen pupils for whom English is an addition language, “reasonable adjustments” (Rieser, 2002, p. 259) made to make the curriculum accessible for one pupil can be greatly beneficial for others in the class also. Anything the teacher does in the classroom whilst focussing on one group will impact on the others. It is these reasonable adjustments which form the basis of inclusive learning, as the needs of each pupil will vary depending on anything from preferred learning styles to whether the child has a profound barrier to learning.…

    • 2423 Words
    • 7 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Best Essays

    Inclusion

    • 4452 Words
    • 18 Pages

    Since the introduction of the 1974 Education (Mentally Handicapped Children) (Scotland) Act, the legal right of all children to an education, no matter what their disability, has been a key priority within Scottish Education. The 1978 Department of Education and Science Warnock Report began the modern era of educational inclusion, by introducing the idea of integrating a broader group of children into mainstream schools. This was reinforced by the Scottish Education Department progress report by HM Inspector of Schools, also in 1978, which criticized the withdrawal of children from class for additional support on the grounds of curricular provision. Since the publishing of these reports, they have formed the basis of inclusion nowadays in schools and on a social level, not just in the UK, but also in the USA. The 1989 United Nations conference on the rights of a child asserted that all children have the right to a decent education no matter their disability (articles 28 and 29). The rights of a child have increased rapidly over the past 20 years; for example, the 2004 Education (Additional Support for Learning) (Scotland) Act (which was amended in 2009), introduced the term “Additional Support Needs” (ASN) and introduced new rights for parents and increased rights for children. Inclusion is not just focused on in the UK, in 1994 Salamanca set out an Agreement and Framework for Action, which advocates that all children ought to be taught in a mainstream school, which has an “inclusive orientation”.…

    • 4452 Words
    • 18 Pages
    Best Essays
  • Satisfactory Essays

    Schools that are exemplary models of inclusiveness and effectiveness are working on a variety of fronts to sustain their inclusiveness and effectiveness. They also monitor their whole school processes and classroom practices to ensure their policies and actions reflect current understandings about effective practice. They understand that to sustain effectiveness and inclusiveness adjustments may need to be made to school buildings, curriculum content, assessment procedures and methodologies, the format and suitability or teaching materials, learning activities, modes of delivery and teaching styles. They also understand that as our knowledge improves about how learning occurs, today’s good practices will in due course provide the platform for…

    • 116 Words
    • 1 Page
    Satisfactory Essays
  • Good Essays

    The Education Research

    • 18224 Words
    • 73 Pages

    Including Disabled Children in Learning:Challenges in Developing Countries1. The continuing challenge of including disabled children in education…

    • 18224 Words
    • 73 Pages
    Good Essays