BIO-MEDICAL APPLICATIONS AND INSTRUMENTATION
J Vindhya Vasini
III year, EIE
CVR College of Engineering
Ph. 9963857871 vasini26393@gmail.com Mirza Faizaan Baig
III year, EIE
CVR College of Engineering
Ph. 9700484422 faizaanbaig2@gmail.com K Sandeep
III year, EIE
CVR College of Engineering
Ph. 9618268386 sandeepkumeri@gmail.com
Bacteria were among the first life forms to appear on Earth, and are present in most habitats on the planet, growing in soil, water, acidic hot springs, radioactive waste, and deep in the Earth's crust, as well as in organic matter and the live bodies of plants and animals, providing outstanding examples of mutualism in the digestive tracts of humans, termites and cockroaches. Bacteria constitute a large domain of prokaryotic microorganisms(organisms whose cells lack a cell nucleus which contains most of the cell's genetic material, organized as multiple long linear DNA molecules in complex with a large variety of proteins, to form chromosomes.). Typically a few micrometres in length, bacteria have a wide range of shapes, ranging from spheres to rods and spirals. Bacteria display a wide diversity of shapes and sizes, called morphologies. Bacterial cells are about one tenth the size of eukaryotic cells and are typically 0.5–5.0 micrometres in length. Intracellular structures:
The bacterial cell is surrounded by a lipid membrane, or cell membrane, which encloses the contents of the cell and acts as a barrier to hold nutrients, proteins and other essential components of the cytoplasm within the cell. As they are prokaryotes, bacteria do not tend to have membrane-bound organelles in their cytoplasm and thus contain few large intracellular structures. The localization of proteins to specific locations within the cytoplasm have been found to show levels of complexity. These sub cellular compartments have been called "bacterial hyper structures".
Extracellular