Emissions in the Transport Industry
Comparison of Emissions on the Different Transport Modes.
By Barbara Addo and Olga Rudnyeva
Supervised by
Prof. Dr. Hansjochen Ehmer
November, 2012
Structure of the Paper
List of Abbreviations 3 Introduction 5 1 Definition of Emission 6 1.1 Emissions in Road Transport 6 1.2 Emission in the Sea Industry 7 Source: International Maritime Organization 8 1.3 Emissions in Air Transport 9 1.4 Emissions in Rail Industry 9 2 Impacts of Emissions and Regulation 10 2.1 Effects of Emissions 10 3 EU Regulations on Emissions in the transport Industry 11 3.1 Environmental sustainability and transport 14 Conclusion 17 LITERATURE AND REFERENCES 18
List of Abbreviations
CO – Carbon Monoxide
CO2 – Carbon Dioxide
EETS – European Electronic Toll Service
ETS – Emission Trading Scheme
EU – European Union
GH – Greenhouse
GHG – Green House Gas
HC – Hydrocarbons
HC/VOC – Hydrocarbons and Volatile Organic Compounds
ICAO – International Civil Aviation Organization
IMO – International Maritime Organization
NO – Nitrogen Oxides
NO2 – Nitrogen Dioxide
OECD – Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development
RSP – Respirable Suspended Particles
SD – Sulphur Dioxide
Table of Figures
Figure 1. Spills in the Sea Transport
Figure 2 .Contribution of Transport Sector to Total Emissions * Introduction
The Transportation sector is increasingly being linked to environmental problems. The increase in demand for safe, faster and reliable transport has resulted in growing levels of motorization and congestion. The increase in transport activities and environmental problems can be said to be highly correlated, thus the higher the level of concentration of transport activities in a particular place, the higher the level of environmental impact being felt by the community. This can particularly be seen in cases of large transport terminals such as ports, rail yards and airports.
In Europe, Transport is responsible for
By Barbara Addo and Olga Rudnyeva
Supervised by
Prof. Dr. Hansjochen Ehmer
November, 2012
Structure of the Paper
List of Abbreviations 3 Introduction 5 1 Definition of Emission 6 1.1 Emissions in Road Transport 6 1.2 Emission in the Sea Industry 7 Source: International Maritime Organization 8 1.3 Emissions in Air Transport 9 1.4 Emissions in Rail Industry 9 2 Impacts of Emissions and Regulation 10 2.1 Effects of Emissions 10 3 EU Regulations on Emissions in the transport Industry 11 3.1 Environmental sustainability and transport 14 Conclusion 17 LITERATURE AND REFERENCES 18
List of Abbreviations
CO – Carbon Monoxide
CO2 – Carbon Dioxide
EETS – European Electronic Toll Service
ETS – Emission Trading Scheme
EU – European Union
GH – Greenhouse
GHG – Green House Gas
HC – Hydrocarbons
HC/VOC – Hydrocarbons and Volatile Organic Compounds
ICAO – International Civil Aviation Organization
IMO – International Maritime Organization
NO – Nitrogen Oxides
NO2 – Nitrogen Dioxide
OECD – Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development
RSP – Respirable Suspended Particles
SD – Sulphur Dioxide
Table of Figures
Figure 1. Spills in the Sea Transport
Figure 2 .Contribution of Transport Sector to Total Emissions * Introduction
The Transportation sector is increasingly being linked to environmental problems. The increase in demand for safe, faster and reliable transport has resulted in growing levels of motorization and congestion. The increase in transport activities and environmental problems can be said to be highly correlated, thus the higher the level of concentration of transport activities in a particular place, the higher the level of environmental impact being felt by the community. This can particularly be seen in cases of large transport terminals such as ports, rail yards and airports.
In Europe, Transport is responsible for
References: Höpfner, U., Lambrecht, U. (2005) Emissions and air quality in urban areas in Germany, An actual survey. http://www.ifeu.de/verkehrundumwelt/pdf/Hoepfner(2005)_Emissions_and_Air_Quality_in_urban_areas_of_germany.pdf Kågeson, P Rodrigue, J-P., Comtois, C., and Slack, B. (2009), The Geography of Transport Systems. New York: Routledge White Paper on Transport (2011), Roadmap to a single european transport area — towards a competitive and resource-efficient transport system [ 2 ]. Jean-Paul Rodrigue, Claude Comtois and Brian Slack (2009) [ 3 ] [ 6 ]. D. Banister, D. Stead, 2000 [ 7 ] [ 13 ]. D. Banister, D. Stead, 2000 [ 14 ] [ 15 ]. White Paper — Roadmap to a Single European Transport Area — Towards a competitive and resource efficient transport system, 2007