Entrepreneurship And Innovation Case Study

THE MEANING OF CULTURE
There is a huge dilemma about the uneven geographic dispersion of entrepreneurship and innovation. According to (Mitra, 2012), approximately 550 thousand small businesses were created in the USA every month in the period between 1996 and 2004. Many brands, world-famous companies, such as Walmart, Google, Facebook, Ford, etc., were created in the US and remain leading firms in their industries for decades to come. The ease of employment structure, close relationships between universities and businesses, open immigration policy, and mature system of venture capital contributed to promotion of entrepreneurship in the USA. Another tiger of entrepreneurship is China that creates thousands of new mainly high-tech start-ups
The National System of Innovation (NSI) approach shapes the pattern of innovative activities. The NSI concept relies on following convictions: countries reveal different economic performance; the latter depends on country´s technological and innovation capabilities; innovation and technology policies prosper country´s innovation performance. The pattern of innovation activities depends on particular national aspects, such as the nature of the scientific and technological institutions, the education and training system, the financial system, the structure of the labour market, and industrial specialization, etc. The pattern of national innovation settings is more prominent during the crisis time when robust nations provide firms with financial support and investment in innovations. Furthermore, the national innovation settings determine patterns and speed of economic recovery (Filippetti & Archibugi,
For instance, in Russia, the entrepreneurial spirit and innovative activities are one of the lowest in BRICKS and Eastern-Europe countries. About 90% of the population is not only not involved in business activities, but also do not see opportunities to build business for themselves. Moreover, the environment in Russia is not favourable for starting business: only 18% of non-entrepreneurs consider the external conditions favourable for starting up a business, and 42% of non-entrepreneurs are prevented from starting up a business by fear of failure. However, in recent years, the state support for business and innovation development has grown significantly. Nevertheless, there is still a lack of transparent rules of interaction between companies and the state, and the low financial availability and high interest rate on loans for are still acute problems in Russian businesses (Graduate School of Management SPbSU,