e.Bias- systematic error in design, conduct, or analysis of a study that results in a mistaken estimate…
Ideally out of the four foundation health measures, I have put a lot of weight in discussing the foundation health measure of general health status. There are four main foundation health measures, but it is quite evident that general health status plays an integral part in postulating efficiency of health by ensuring that the disparities are eliminated and the improve of good health. Health status is paramount as it gives an analysis as to the quality of life of one. The goal of all these health measures is to foresee that quality of life is uplifted for the entire life of one. Actually, general health depicts the overall state of information targeting the population of the health (Ness, et al 2015). This is to say that, to uphold a good population through health there is needed to have a look on the following parameters;…
In a meta-analysis by Gould, it was found that seven studies reported a statistically significant decrease…
remedy for this form of bias is making the effort to consider evidence supporting the…
According to the systematic review covered by Apfel, Turan, Souza, Pergolizzi & Hornuss, 2013 there is a significant reduction in postoperative nausea and vomiting and opioid use when using intravenous acetaminophen. The reviewers used Medline and Cochrane databases to conduct their search along with a hand search of abstracts to identify randomized-controlled trials using intravenous acetaminophen. The review was to determine if the acetaminophen was going to have a significant decline in nausea and vomiting following surgical procedures as this is a large concern for patients following their procedures. While the studies were testing for postoperative nausea and vomiting what they were able to find was also better pain control in some instances. But with this systematic review it was clear that the studies included various different outcomes depending on a multitude of scenarios.…
I agree that the level of improbability decreases when more information is provided in a larger sample size. I always tend to have a level of uncertainty of studies that did not permit themselves enough time and research with an adequate sample. In many small sample cases it seems like they lack a true commitment to providing accuracy. It is hard to see these types of samples as reliable. I wonder sometimes if they actually thought their results would ever have a great influence with educated people.…
In this paper I will discuss an article from the Seattle Press written by Associated Press Medical Writer Lindsay Tanner. I will discuss the statistical procedures used in the study and provide an analysis of the conclusions both the researchers and the reporter drew from the study results to consider the statistical significance of the data presented.…
According to the U.S Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 298 square miles (771.8 km2), of which 290 square miles (751.1 km2) is land and 7 square miles (18.1 km2) (2.51%) is water. As of July 1, 2009, the county's population is estimated by the census bureau to be 269,706.…
Marin, M., Meissner, H. C., & Seward, J. F. (2008). Varicella prevention in the United States: a review of successes and challenges. Pediatrics, 122(3), e744-e751.…
Latent TB has no symptoms and the immune system keeps the TB inactive without spread to other people. However if the immune system becomes weak the person can develop active TB disease. TB disease symptoms can include low grade fever, weight loss, night sweats, listlessness, cough, hemoptysis, positive skin test, respiratory congestion, and abnormal chest x-ray / sputum culture (Maurer & Smith, 2013). If left untreated TB can be fatal or lead to other complications that spread to the blood stream and infect the brain, bones, liver or kidneys. If the bones become involved spinal pain and joint destruction are possible. TB in the brain can cause meningitis and if it attacks the heart it could cause cardiac tamponed. If TB infects the kidney/liver the person cannot eliminate waste properly (Mayo Clinic, 2013).…
Stanhope, M., & Lancaster, J. (2008). Public health nursing population centered health care in the community (7th ed.). St. Louis, MO: Mosby Elsevier.…
* What measures were used to minimize the effects of researcher bias (their experiences and perspectives)? For example, did two researchers independently analyze the data and compare their analyses?…
under a variety of conditions, we are strongly confident that there exists a general principle. The results of small localized individual studies, no matter how well conducted, are often insufficient to provide us with confident answers to questions of general importance. Meta-analysis allows us to compare or combine results across a set of similar studies. In the individual study, the units of analysis are the individual observations. In meta-analysis the units of analysis are the results of individual studies. The term meta-analysis means ‘an analysis of analysis’. A particular topic may have been replicated in various ways, using, for example, differently sized samples, and conducted in different countries under different environmental, social and economic conditions.…
The Greek physician Hippocrates has been called the father of epidemiology.[4] He is the first person known to have examined the relationships between the occurrence of disease and environmental influences.[5] He coined the terms endemic (for diseases usually found in some places but not in others) and epidemic (for disease that are seen at some times but not others).[6]…
References: bias in randomized trials (Higgins et al. 2011). See appendix IV for template that was…