Epidemiology
Introduction to Epidemiology 101
Health 330
Study Guide for Exam 1
Chapters 1, 2, 3
09-21-2013
Chapter 1: History, Philosophy, and Uses of Epidemiology
1. Salmonellosis is an infection caused by Salmonella bacteria, which can produce gastrointestinal symptoms of cramping, diarrhea, and fever that begin 12 to 72 hours after onset.
a. 2008 Case: tomatoes and peppers grown in Mexico
2. Epidemic: the occurrence in a community of a disease clearly in excess of normal expectancy
a. Community, chronic, and other conditions
b. Example: polio, measles, obesity, diabetes, and heart disease
3. Pandemic: an epidemic that spans a wide geographical area
a. Worldwide, very wide area, crossing international boundaries, affect large number of people
b. Example: influenza
4. Epidemiology: concerned with the distribution and determinants of health and disease, morbidity, injuries, disability, and mortality in populations
a. Applied to the control of health problems in populations, even violet episodes
b. Key characteristics of epidemiology
b.i. Population
b.i.1. All the inhabitants of a given country or area considered together
b.i.2. Population medicine
b.i.3. Examples: salmonella, violence in schools, and lung cancer
b.ii. Distribution
b.ii.1. Occurrence of disease and other health outcomes varies in population, with some subgroups of the populations more frequently affected than others
b.iii. Determinants
b.iii.1. A factor or event that is capable of bringing about a change in the health status of a population
b.iii.2. Examples: biological agents (bacteria, virus), chemical agents (pesticides), stress, and lifestyles
b.iii.3. Exposure: contact with a disease causing factor, the amount of the factor that impinges upon a group or individuals
b.iii.3.a. Examples: contaminated food, air pollution, radiation
b.iv. Outcome
b.iv.1. All possible results to causal factor from an exposure
b.iv.1.a. Examples: infectious disease,
Health 330
Study Guide for Exam 1
Chapters 1, 2, 3
09-21-2013
Chapter 1: History, Philosophy, and Uses of Epidemiology
1. Salmonellosis is an infection caused by Salmonella bacteria, which can produce gastrointestinal symptoms of cramping, diarrhea, and fever that begin 12 to 72 hours after onset.
a. 2008 Case: tomatoes and peppers grown in Mexico
2. Epidemic: the occurrence in a community of a disease clearly in excess of normal expectancy
a. Community, chronic, and other conditions
b. Example: polio, measles, obesity, diabetes, and heart disease
3. Pandemic: an epidemic that spans a wide geographical area
a. Worldwide, very wide area, crossing international boundaries, affect large number of people
b. Example: influenza
4. Epidemiology: concerned with the distribution and determinants of health and disease, morbidity, injuries, disability, and mortality in populations
a. Applied to the control of health problems in populations, even violet episodes
b. Key characteristics of epidemiology
b.i. Population
b.i.1. All the inhabitants of a given country or area considered together
b.i.2. Population medicine
b.i.3. Examples: salmonella, violence in schools, and lung cancer
b.ii. Distribution
b.ii.1. Occurrence of disease and other health outcomes varies in population, with some subgroups of the populations more frequently affected than others
b.iii. Determinants
b.iii.1. A factor or event that is capable of bringing about a change in the health status of a population
b.iii.2. Examples: biological agents (bacteria, virus), chemical agents (pesticides), stress, and lifestyles
b.iii.3. Exposure: contact with a disease causing factor, the amount of the factor that impinges upon a group or individuals
b.iii.3.a. Examples: contaminated food, air pollution, radiation
b.iv. Outcome
b.iv.1. All possible results to causal factor from an exposure
b.iv.1.a. Examples: infectious disease,