Essay On Macromolecules

A macromolecule can best be described as an immense molecule, made up of thousands of covalently bonded carbon atoms. There are four classifications of macromolecules: carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. Each classification performs specific functions that allow cells to grow and survive. Macromolecules can be either split or bonded through dehydration synthesis or hydrolysis. Dehydration synthesis occurs when water is released, electrons become shared, covalently bonding two monomers together. Hydrolysis takes place when water is added to a polymer, energy is released and the covalent bonds break, turning the polymer into monomers. The ratio of carbon to hydrogen to oxygen is 1:2:1 in carbohydrates. Carbohydrates can be divided up into three separate categories. Monosaccharides are simple sugars that form in either linear chains or in a ring-shape. Some common monosaccharides include glucose, which is an important energy source used to produce ATP in cells, galactose
Lipid fats or triglycerides consist of one glycerol and three fatty acids. The three kinds of triglycerides are saturated fats, that have no double bonds, unsaturated fats, that have one or more double bonds, and trans fats, that have double bonds located on opposite sides of molecules. The functions of fats are to act as a concentrated energy source, cushion vital organs, and insulate the body. Steroids and waxes form through fused rings, their function is to carry cholesterol, phytosterol, and hormones. The Biuret Reagent test is a straightforward test to identify lipids. To perform this test, one must combine equal amounts of a lipids and Biuret Reagent solution, let it set for several minutes before analyzing. Once the mixture has settled into its color, take a look, the substance should have the blue Biuret Reagent solution settled at the bottom and the lipid floating clearly on