3. Create a Venn Diagram to compare and contrast polar covalent bonds, nonpolar covalent bonds, and ionic bonds.…
16. During digestion, enzymes such as amylase break chemical bonds between the sugar monomers in starches. Digestive enzymes also break down foods and make the nutrients available to the body.…
The body receives energy from food which is broken down into carbohydrates, fats and proteins…
4) When we ingest large molecules such as lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins, they must undergo catabolic reactions whereby enzymes split these molecules. This series of reactions is called chemical digestion. (854)…
The first digestion process starts at the mouth in which cooked starch is reduced into simpler sugars by the action of ptyalin. Digestion of the remaining cooked starch is completed by amylase in the small intestine where duodenum and pancreas take part. Absorption of simpler sugars as the products of digested starch, take place in the small intestine as well. The digestion of proteins starts in the stomach in which protein molecules are reduced into amino acids by the action of hydrochloric acid and the protein digestive enzymes called proteases. Digestion of the remaining proteins is completed at the small intestines by the action of trypsin, and the amino acids are absorbed into the blood stream. Digestion of lipids starts at the small intestines in which fats and oils are emulsified and digested by the enzyme called lipase into fatty acids. Vitamins and minerals are generated and absorbed in the large intestines. The discussion will focus on the digestion of ingested…
Digestion is the breakdown of large insoluble food molecules into small water-soluble food molecules so that they can be absorbed into the watery blood plasma. In certain organisms, these smaller substances are absorbed through the small intestine into the blood stream.…
When carbohydrates are consumed during a meal, catabolism originates in the mouth. The salivary enzyme α-amylase breaks down the carbohydrates through the hydrolysis of the α1->4 glycosidic bonds. This is followed by the further breakdown of the complex polysaccharides in the small intestine down to monosaccharides units in order for the glucose to be absorbed directly into the bloodstream.…
Unit 4 Report Distributing Metabolites through the body Food that we consume is composed of very complex molecules. During the digestive process these compounds are broken down into smaller and smaller subunits in preparation for use by the body as building blocks needed for the many components of the human body. In Module 3 we followed the food through the digestive system and considered the process that takes place in the digestive system. The pizza that was eaten by Matt and Maria contained ingredients composed of fats, proteins, carbohydrates, and other components such as minerals, water and vitamins.…
A: Fats are made up fatty acids and a glycerol. They are stored in cells known as adipocytes throughout the body. When the body needs energy the stored fats are broken down through the process of metabolism and beta oxidation (Livestrong.com, n.d.). For example, triacylglyceride or triglyceride are broken down into their separate parts, fatty acid chains and a glycerol. The body will always metabolize the glycerol first because it is easier to break down for energy but it does not produce the same long lasting energy effects that the fatty acid chains create. The fatty acid chains are broken down into 2 carbon pieces each, which then form acetyl CoA. Acetyl CoA can then enter…
The digestion of polymeric food molecules into monomeric subunits occurs in: extracellular space (i.g. lumen of the intestines) and in lysosomes…
Dehydration-synthesis is a reaction that occurs to form different types of macromolecules. It is a reaction that leaves a macromolecule structure along the lines of developing its own specific function in a living organism. The 4 most common ones are carbohydrates which includes monosaccharides and polysaccharides, lipids, proteins and nucleic acids (Mack 2012). Scientists identify different types of macromolecules to achieve a better understanding on how they function in our bodies. This can be achieved by studying their chemical properties and structure.…
2. So you are what you eat. What does that mean exactly? Well there are basically 4 types of macromolecules that make up life. From carbohydrates to nucleic acids, and so you going to take food like this delicious pizza, you’re going to break the polymers down into tiny little monomers and then you’re going to weave that back into you. So when you look at me now, what you’re really seeing is protein that was in food I ate weeks or even months ago.…
Carbohydrates are essential for providing energy and are broken down inside the body and turned into sugar that is released slowly.-Dietary fibre is also found in this food group and used to keep regulation of the bowels and isn't actually absorbed into the bodies. Instead it passes through the gastrointestinal tract and excreted. This makes sure the bowels and intestines are kept healthy.…
The foods we eat are classified into six elementary groups: carbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins, minerals, and water. These foods are broken down into various nutrients during digestion. The time taken for the body to extract nutrients and the complexity of the digestion process depend on the molecular nature of the food eaten. Fat molecules seem more complex than the others so its digestion often takes a longer time. Types of Fat Fats molecules are made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms. Based on the arrangements of these atoms, fats are grouped into: saturated, poly-unsaturated, mono-unsaturated and trans. Macronutrients, Oxidation and Energy Fats, carbohydrates and proteins are regarded as macronutrients because the body usually extracts other nutrients from them. In addition to supporting body growth, development and repair, macronutrients give us energy. This energy is measured in calories. When fat, carbohydrate and protein undergo oxidation, carbon-dioxide, water and energy are released. But according to Cleveland Clinic, fat gives nine calories per gram, while carbohydrate and protein each gives four calories per gram. Fat molecule has more carbon atoms than carbohydrate and protein. So to release energy, fat requires more oxygen. Thus oxidation of fat takes a longer time. Digestion Saliva contains carbohydrate digestive enzymes. So digestion of carbohydrates begins from the mouth, down through the small to the large intestine. Complex carbohydrates digest in the large intestine. Protein and fat require gastric and pancreatic enzymes for digestion. Fat digestion is slower than carbohydrate and protein digestion because fat has higher caloric mass and its digestion starts from the pancreas. Sometimes, fat digestion begins from the mouth. But fat generally reaches the duodenum undigested. According to February 2010 issue of "Advances in Physiology Education" journal, only about 15% of fat…
The components of food such as carbohydrates are complex substances. These complex substances cannot be utilised as such. So they are broken down into simpler substances. The breakdown of complex components of…