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Farming is moving indoors, where the sun never shines, where rainfall is irrelevant and where the climate is always right.
The perfect crop field could be inside a windowless building with meticulously controlled light, temperature, humidity, air quality and nutrition. It could be in a New York high-rise, a Siberian bunker, or a sprawling complex in the Saudi desert.
Definition of Hydroponic
Overview
The term "hydroponics" comes from the Greek word "hydro," which means water, and "ponos," which means labor. It means cultivating plants in a nutrient-rich water, rather than soil. The plants can grow in the hydroponic water solution by itself or with rocks, perlite or gravel added to the solution. Soil acts as a reservoir for the plants and is not essential for the plant's growth. There are two types of hydroponic planting techniques. The earliest written recordings of hydroponics being used were in 1627.
History
In the 19th century, scientists found plants could receive nutrients from water without soil. In 1627, Sir Francis Bacon wrote a book called Silva Silvarum. In 1966, John Woodward published his book on experiments with spearmint. He found plants grew better in less pure water than distilled water. Many researchers wrote books on hydroponics. A water-nutrient solution called the Hoagland Solution is still used today. The term "hydroponics" does not include other types of soilless culture such as sand culture and gravel culture.

Techniques
When nutrients are introduced to plants in the water supply, there is no need for soil. Almost any plant will survive in hydroponics. This method is used a lot in teaching students about hydroponics. The two main types of hydroponics are solution culture and medium culture. Solution culture does not use a solid medium for the roots--just the nutrient solution. The three types of solutions are static solution, continuous flow solution and aeroponics. The medium culture method has a solid medium for the roots and

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