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Evaluating the Psychological Therapies & Biological therapies

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Evaluating the Psychological Therapies & Biological therapies
Evaluating the Psychological
Therapies & Biological therapies
PART B:
OTHER MEDICAL THERAPIES FOR
PSYCHOLOGICAL DISORDERS
By Konstantinos Geros

THE BIOMEDICAL APPROACH




Biomedical therapies seek to treat psychological disorders by changing the brain's chemistry with drugs, its circuitry with surgery, or its patterns of activity with pulses of electricity or powerful magnetic fields
Biomedical therapies assume an organic basis for mental illnesses and treats them as diseases.

HISTORICAL TRIVIA


The Phineas Gage incident

He survived the extensive destruction of crucial part of the brain but the damage caused a personality change.

PSYCHOSURGERY


Severing connections between parts of the brain or by removing small sections of the brain



Method of last resort



“The stone of folly”, for cases of madness



Prefrontal lobotomy
−

Developed by psychiatrist Egas Moniz

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Severance of certain nerve fibers, connecting the frontal lobes with deep brain structures, especially with those of the thalamus and hypothalamus PSYCHOSURGERY


Results of prefrontal lobotomy
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Dramatic reduction in agitation and anxiety

Side effects
−
−

Inability to plan ahead

−

Indiffirence to others opinions

−

Childlike behavior

−



Loss of interest in well being, surroundings

−



Destroys permanently basic aspects of personality

Intellectual and emotional flatness

Era of lobotomy came to a close at the 1950s with the rise of antipsychotic drug therapies
The only kind still done is the “split-brain” operation

BRAIN-STIMULATION THERAPIES


Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)
−



Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS)
−



Treatment induces a convulsion by applying an electric current to a patient's temples briefly

Directs high-powered magnetic stimulation to specific parts of the brain

Deep Brain Stimulation
−

Implantation of a
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