Evolution of Human Resource Management
Introduction
Follett defined management as the art of getting things done through people. Managers therefore achieve organizational goals and objectives by enabling others to perform rather than performing the tasks themselves. To this end then management is not a confine of executives behind boardroom doors; on the contrary it is a practical and sometimes unconscious action that man has engaged in from his days of existence.
Pre Industrial Management Techniques
In its broadest possible usage the idea of "management" is as old as human society, certainly "governance" or "rule" of people in ancient tribes, kingdoms, and empires engages the notion of "managing". In ancient Egypt the rise of the state and its bureaucracy to create pyramids and canals rested on a state monopoly of wealth and power administered through delegated authorities. State planning that included predictions in the rise of the Nile waters, forecasts of crops, and forecasts of state income tax revenues illustrate what are modern management techniques. Similarly, in China the emergence of the state governed by a large civil service administering uniform and formal policies over remote territories established "managerial" practices characteristic of today 's global companies. The later rise of the Roman Empire and the rule of Roman order and law backed by a state hierarchy established principles for the management of modern constitutional governments.
Classical Schools of Management
Modern management is the collaboration of people and machines to create value. In the early days of industrialization the innovators of machines and the innovators of organization and management were engineers. Engineers, after all, were the ones closest to the machines, and this fact placed them at the interaction of workers and machines. This certainly helps explain Frederick Taylor and his invention of "Scientific Management".
One of the first schools of management thought, the classical management
Follett defined management as the art of getting things done through people. Managers therefore achieve organizational goals and objectives by enabling others to perform rather than performing the tasks themselves. To this end then management is not a confine of executives behind boardroom doors; on the contrary it is a practical and sometimes unconscious action that man has engaged in from his days of existence.
Pre Industrial Management Techniques
In its broadest possible usage the idea of "management" is as old as human society, certainly "governance" or "rule" of people in ancient tribes, kingdoms, and empires engages the notion of "managing". In ancient Egypt the rise of the state and its bureaucracy to create pyramids and canals rested on a state monopoly of wealth and power administered through delegated authorities. State planning that included predictions in the rise of the Nile waters, forecasts of crops, and forecasts of state income tax revenues illustrate what are modern management techniques. Similarly, in China the emergence of the state governed by a large civil service administering uniform and formal policies over remote territories established "managerial" practices characteristic of today 's global companies. The later rise of the Roman Empire and the rule of Roman order and law backed by a state hierarchy established principles for the management of modern constitutional governments.
Classical Schools of Management
Modern management is the collaboration of people and machines to create value. In the early days of industrialization the innovators of machines and the innovators of organization and management were engineers. Engineers, after all, were the ones closest to the machines, and this fact placed them at the interaction of workers and machines. This certainly helps explain Frederick Taylor and his invention of "Scientific Management".
One of the first schools of management thought, the classical management
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