The evolution of management can be divided into three distinct era’s. The Pre-Classical Era, Classical era and Neo-classical era.
Pre-Classical Era
From the Biblical times we find monarchies of the time use some form of management to lord over the great kingdoms such as the Egyptians who used hierarchy management to build the pyramids, Moses leading the Israelites through the desert to the promised land and King David when he was in charge of the kingdom of Israel.
In Ancient civilizations, the Roman Empire made use of devolved government to manage the vast empires resources. This was done through governors’ who were in charge of certain areas as we see in the bible during the birth of Jesus Christ. We can find artifacts that in old cities such as Jerusalem where we find aqueducts that give us an idea of how they managed the water resources.
Modernization of the world led to cities and towns that brought about the need to manage the resources in order to provide services to the people living within them.
We also find management in the church and military before the industrial revolution. The Roman Catholic Church is one example that has had an impact on management as we see in the catholic hierarchy led by the pope and includes cardinals, patriarchs, and bishops. The Military has greatly influenced management through power vested in positions in the chain of command.
Management continued to evolve and we find individuals in history who have made contributions to the art of management as we know it;
Luka Pacioli was an Italian mathematician considered the father of accounting. He invented the double entry accounting system.
Adam Smith was a political economist whose concepts on economics at the beginning of the industrial revolution contributed greatly to management today.
Robert Owens, Charles Babbage, Henry Vernum Poor and Henry Robinson Towne are other individuals who were influential to management in this era.
With the onset