Evolutionary Perspective Of Aggression On Human Behavior
REDUCTION IN AGGRESSION AND PEACE From the perspective of evolutionary psychology, aggression is not singular or unitary phenomenon. It represents a collection of strategies that are manifested under specific contextual conditions. Evolutionary psychologists attempt to understand human behavior by studying the role of evolutionary pressures on modern humans. One of the most interesting areas of study for evolutionary psychologists is human aggression. According to Live Science, humans are one of the most aggressive species on the planet. Paradoxically, humans are also one of the most compassionate species. This contradiction may arise from our evolutionary past. Evolutionary psychology provides a more complex interactions’
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These include fertile land and access to fresh water, food, tools, and weapons. There are many means for gaining access to the valuable resources held by others, such as engaging in social exchange, stealing, or trickery. Aggression is also a means to co-opting the resources of others. Aggression to co-opt resources can occur at the individual or group level. At the individual level, one can use physical force to take resources from others. Modern-day Evolution and Human Awesion forms include bullies at school who take the lunch money, books, leather jackets, or designer sneakers from other children Childhood aggression is commonly about resources, such as toys and territory (Campbell, 1993). Adult forms include muggings and beatings as a means to forcibly extract money or other goods from others. The threat of aggression may be enough to secure resources from others, as when a child gives up his lunch money to prevent a beating or a small store owner gives mobsters money for “protection” to prevent his or her business from being ransacked. People, particularly men, often form coalitions for the purposes of forcibly co-opting the resources of others. Among the Yanomamo, for example, male coalitions raid neighbouring tribes and forcibly take food and reproductive-aged women. Throughout human recorded history, warfare has been used to co-opt the land possessed by others, and to the victors go the spoils. The acquisition of reproductively relevant resources through aggression could have selected for aggressive strategies when the benefits, on average, outweighed the costs in the currency of
These include fertile land and access to fresh water, food, tools, and weapons. There are many means for gaining access to the valuable resources held by others, such as engaging in social exchange, stealing, or trickery. Aggression is also a means to co-opting the resources of others. Aggression to co-opt resources can occur at the individual or group level. At the individual level, one can use physical force to take resources from others. Modern-day Evolution and Human Awesion forms include bullies at school who take the lunch money, books, leather jackets, or designer sneakers from other children Childhood aggression is commonly about resources, such as toys and territory (Campbell, 1993). Adult forms include muggings and beatings as a means to forcibly extract money or other goods from others. The threat of aggression may be enough to secure resources from others, as when a child gives up his lunch money to prevent a beating or a small store owner gives mobsters money for “protection” to prevent his or her business from being ransacked. People, particularly men, often form coalitions for the purposes of forcibly co-opting the resources of others. Among the Yanomamo, for example, male coalitions raid neighbouring tribes and forcibly take food and reproductive-aged women. Throughout human recorded history, warfare has been used to co-opt the land possessed by others, and to the victors go the spoils. The acquisition of reproductively relevant resources through aggression could have selected for aggressive strategies when the benefits, on average, outweighed the costs in the currency of