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Introduction Evolution in organizational development is inevitable. Over the years, there has been a transparent rapid growth and accelerating changes particularly with new discoveries ranging from simple to highly technical. There has been an implementation of new theories and methods to deal with new problems and solutions. Tremendous improvements had been obvious among many formal organizations though some had been adopting changes at slow pace. All of these progressive improvements caused significant changes which increased the pace and complexity of human life. All of these are in association with formal organizational changes.
Evolution of Formal Organization Formal organization refers to a large secondary group such as business corporations and government agencies organized to achieve their goals efficiently operating in a deliberate way, not to meet personal needs but to accomplish complex jobs. Over the past century, the face of the organizations has completely changed. With the advent of the problems arising in bureaucratic organization mainly stemming from hierarchy and rigidity, formal organization had sprouted which encountered many challenges during its evolution.
The race and gender issues were among the first challenges met. Big businesses exclude women and other minorities during the early 1960 thus it was common to see white men to hold managerial posts. Women were generally considered as less effective and less competent member of the organization so with the other minorities.
The Japanese organization reflecting the nation’s collective spirit was the second challenge faced. United States organizations’ hiring and advancement strategies involved promotion and raises in salaries as rewards to be achieved by winning in individual competitions which is much different from the Japanese organizations strategies which involved
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