Examples Of Logical Fallacies

Defense In this section, Heinrich starts by discussing some of the major logical fallacies. A fallacy is a mistaken belief that is used to try and win an argument such as: Elephants are animals. You’re an animal. That makes you an elephant. The mistake here is the belief that since elephants are animals, anything considered an animal is an elephant. To detect a fallacy, look out for a bad proof, the wrong number of choices, or a disconnect between the proof and the conclusion. To detect the all natural fallacy by breaking it in half. Some of the common logical fallacies include false comparison (two things are similar so they must be the same), bad example (the example that the one arguing uses to prove a point is false, unbelievable, or irrelevant), ignorance as proof (the fact that a theory hasn't been disproved means
Heinrichs asserts the idea that there are several "fouls" in both formal logic, and the rhetorical argument. He emphasizes the difference between strictly logical argument and arguments which incorporate logos. Rhetoric allows logical fallacies, unless they distract a debate or turn it into a fight. He states that people should never argue the inarguable, meaning one should not stop the debate when a someone has committed a logical fallacy. Instead, he stresses that, a good rhetorician would find a clever way to exploit their opponents’ logical fallacies while moving the debate forward. However, does not mean ‘anything goes’ in a debate, rather he further writes that the only reason to “call foul” in an argument is if someone argues the inarguable. For instance, if someone refuses to budge on their beliefs or argues only to humiliate an opponent. The seven rhetorical out-of-bounds include: switching tenses, inflexible insistence on the rules, humiliation, innuendo, threats, nasty language or signs, and utter stupidity. Heinrichs further continues demonstrates how to evaluate someone’s ethos by testing their disinterest, virtue, and