Examples Of Substance Dualism

Substance dualism contends that there are two substances, which are separate from each other. When I say, “separate from each other”, I mean that, individually, they are able to exist or function without one another. On the contrary, property dualism contends that, instead of there being two different substances, there is only one substance (the physical substance), and within that physical substance, there are two different properties (a physical property, and the mental or non-physical property). Now, the non-physical property (within the physical substance) cannot and is not reducible because it cannot be found. For example, I cannot simply open up the brain and find non-physical properties such as qualia. Therefore, I will try to define substance and property to denote the difference between them. Because of substance dualism, I do not want to define the word
It would be redundant to introduce the experiment in this paper. However, what makes this argument vet property dualism, and ultimately serve as an example for it, is how Mary, when entering the colorful room, is able to notice that the experience she feels is unlike any physical or objective knowledge she acquired all those years in the black and white lab regarding color. All along, she had the physical substance, its physical property but she, until the moment she entered the colorful room, did not have the non-physical property that comes with the physical substance (such as experiencing what it is like to see color). How could we observe physical substances if we do not have the non-physical properties that come with it? Could it be, then, that physical substances exist to us through the non-physical properties we have in us? Thus, subjective knowledge (gained through a non-physical property like quale) helps us experience (color for example) differently than if we were to simply have objective knowledge about